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Clinical Examinations > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Thyroglossal cyst

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2
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Thyroid Goitre

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3
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Palmar Erythema

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4
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Acropachy

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5
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Onycholysis

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6
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Lid Retraction

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7
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Exophthalmos

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8
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Chemosis

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9
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Periorbital oedema

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10
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Proptosis

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11
Q

Thyroid/ NecK Exam

Identify

Inspection

A

Pretibital myxoedema

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12
Q

Neck Exam

INTRODUCTION

A

Introduce yourself (full name)
Consent
Explain what examination entails
Ask if in any pain
Clean your hands +/- stethoscope
Ensure adequate exposure (all of neck including clavicles)
Position sitting on a chair with neck slightly extended

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13
Q

Neck Exam

INSPECTION

A

Front and from behind
Scars, swellings, pulsations
After swallowing
After sticking tongue out

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14
Q

Neck

PALPATION

A

Stand behind the patient
Start at MASTOID PROCESS
Go down ANTERIOR BORDER of TRAPEZIUS
Then palpate POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
Go up the POSTERIOR BORDER OF THE SCM up to the MASTOID
Go down the ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE SCM to the STERNAL NOTCH
Go up the MIDLINE (bilaterally) up to the chin
Palpate THYROID (if enlarged)
Move LARYNX side to side
SUBMENTAL group of lymph nodes 
Inferior border of the horizontal ramus of the mandible (SUBMANDIBULAR nodes) 
PRE-AURICULAR lymph nodes 
POST-AURICULAR lymph nodes 
OCCIPITAL lymph nodes

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15
Q

Thyroid

INTRODUCTION  

A

Introduce yourself and check you have the correct patient 
Explain procedure and obtain informed consent 
Offer chaperone as appropriate 
Expose/Position patient ensuring they are comfortable and dignity is maintained 
Wash your hands +/- clean stethoscope  

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16
Q

Thyroid

GENERAL INSPECTION

A

Clothes
Body habitus (high/low BMI)
Behaviour

17
Q

Thyroid

VOICE/SPEECH

A

Deep
Hoarseness
Fast/slow

18
Q

Thyroid

HANDS

A

Warm/cool
Sweaty
Palmar erythema
Acropachy
Onycholysis
Tremor
Pulse rate/rhythm

19
Q

Thyroid

UPPER LIMBS

A

Reduced power
+/- reflexes (bilaterally)

20
Q

Thyroid

FACE

A

Dry thin hair
Loss of outer third eyebrows
Red/sweaty

21
Q

Thyroid

EYES

A

Proptosis
Exophthalmos (look from on top of patients head)
Lid retraction
Lid lag
Chemosis
Ophthalmoplegia
Periorbital oedema

22
Q

Thyroid

LOWER LIMBS

A

Power
Pretibial myxedema
+/- patella reflexes (bilaterally) – either upper or lower limb reflexes need to be checked, not both

23
Q

Thyroid Gland

INTRODUCTION

A

Introduce yourself (full name)
Consent
Explain what examination entails
Ask if in any pain
Clean your hands
Ensure adequate exposure (all of neck including clavicles)
Position sitting on a chair with neck slightly extended
Gather equipment (stethoscope, pen torch)

24
Q

Thyroid Gland

INSPECTION

A

Front:
Goitre
Scars
Pulsation
Lymphadenopathy
Swallow
Sip of water- see if any midline structures move
Stick out tongue
any swellings elevate or remain still

25
Q

Thyroid Gland

PALPATION

A

Front
Tracheal deviation
Behind
Thyroid gland- lobes and isthmus/any goitre/nodules/ consistency/ tenderness
Fix gland so you can examine its surface
Repeat swallowing test whilst palpating thyroid
Lymphadenopathy

26
Q

Thyroid Gland

PERCUSSION

A

Retrosternal extension of goitre

27
Q

Thyroid Gland

AUSCULTATION

A

Bruits

Clinical Examinations (12 decks)

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