Year 1 LOBS (other) Flashcards
(46 cards)
Demonstrate competent management of common first aid scenarios: Sprains & possible fractures, hypoglycaemia and burns, epistaxis, fits and faints
Sprains & Possible Fractures:
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (R.I.C.E) for sprains
Immobilize the affected area for possible fractures
Seek medical attention for severe cases
Hypoglycemia:
Provide fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., glucose gel, candy, fruit juice)
Encourage the person to eat a snack with complex carbohydrates and protein afterward
Monitor closely and seek medical help if symptoms persist
Burns:
Cool the burn with running water for at least 10 minutes
Cover the burn with a sterile non-stick dressing
Do not use ice or adhesive bandages directly on the burn
Seek medical attention for severe burns or if unsure
Epistaxis (Nosebleed):
Have the person lean forward and pinch the nostrils together
Apply steady pressure for at least 10 minutes
Seek medical help if bleeding is severe or persistent
Fits and Faints:
Ensure a safe environment by removing hazards
Place the person on their side to maintain an open airway
Monitor breathing and provide reassurance
Seek emergency medical assistance if the episode lasts more than 5 minutes or if the person is injured during the event
Demonstrate correct handwashing technique and awareness of infection control principles in the clinical setting
hand hygiene
respiratory and cough hygiene
PPE
safe management of care equipment
safe management of the environment
management of laundry
management of blood and body fluid spills
waste management:
- Black – general or household waste.
- Yellow with black stripe – offensive waste.
- Orange – infectious waste.
- Yellow – infectious waste contaminated with medicines and/or chemicals.
Apply knowledge of anatomy in a clinical context to help examine bony prominences, limbs, joints and muscles.
Demonstrate muscle movements and power
Identify and name the movements of the limb joints
Accurately locate palpable peripheral pulses
Perform Allen’s test and know the indications for its use
Accurately identify veins for phlebotomy
Perform measurement of vital signs competently (temperature, pulse and respiratory rate)
Identify the surface markings of the heart on the chest
Demonstrate how to locate the apex beat
Identify and distinguish the different heart sounds
Check CVS sounds flashcards
Perform blood pressure measurement on a colleague
Check BP flashcards
Recognise all the relevant surface anatomy that supports a clinical respiratory exam
Thoracic Cage:
Sternum: Palpate the sternum, including the sternal angle (Angle of Louis), which marks the level of the second rib and the tracheal bifurcation.
Ribs: Count and palpate the ribs, noting any tenderness or deformities.
Clavicles and Scapulae:
Clavicles: Palpate the clavicles for tenderness or deformities.
Scapulae: Assess the scapular position and movement during respiration.
Chest Wall:
Anterior Chest: Observe the shape and symmetry during inhalation and exhalation.
Posterior Chest: Note the spine’s alignment, scapular movement, and the level of the scapulae.
Assess expansion of the chest wall
Demonstrate and practice percussion of the lungs
Check Resp Cards
Recognise normal breath sounds through a stethoscope
Check Resp Cards
Locate and identify visible features in the mouth
Name the regions of the abdomen and the structures located within each region
Demonstrate understanding of the aetiology and description of some types of abdominal pain
| Type of Abdominal Pain | Etiology | Description | Common Causes | |------------------------|--------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------| | Visceral Pain | Internal organ irritation or inflammation | Dull, poorly localized pain | Gastroenteritis, Constipation, Hollow organ distension | | Parietal Pain | Inflammation of the peritoneum | Sharp, well-defined pain | Perforated peptic ulcer, Peritonitis | | Referred Pain | Pain felt distant from the source | Pain perceived in a different location | Gallbladder inflammation, Pancreatitis | | Colicky Pain | Sudden, intense pain with periodic waves | Waves of cramping or spasmodic pain | Renal colic, Intestinal obstruction | | Gas Pain | Accumulation of gas in the digestive tract | Sharp, stabbing pain or bloating | Gastrointestinal gas accumulation, Irritable bowel syndrome | | Ischemic Pain | Inadequate blood supply to abdominal organs | Severe, poorly localized pain | Mesenteric ischemia, Acute arterial thrombosis | | Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix | Initially vague, later localized pain | Obstruction of the appendix lumen | | Biliary Colic | Gallstone obstruction of the bile duct | Intermittent, cramping pain in the upper right quadrant | Gallstones |
Practice techniques used in the abdominal examination, including palpation of the abdomen and kidneys and auscultation of bowel sounds
Check abdo cards
Practice palpation of the lumbar spine and bony pelvis
Lumbar Spine Palpation:
1. Patient Position:
Ensure the patient is in a comfortable position, preferably lying prone (face down) on an examination table.
2. Landmarks:
Identify key landmarks:
Spinous Processes: Palpate the bony prominences along the midline of the back.
3. Technique:
Use the pads of your fingers or thumbs:
Begin palpation at the sacrum and move upward along the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
Note any tenderness, asymmetry, or abnormalities.
Palpate the paravertebral muscles on both sides, feeling for tension, tenderness, or trigger points.
4. Vertebral Levels:
Identify the following lumbar vertebral levels:
L1-L2: Palpate just above the iliac crest.
L2-L3: Palpate midway between the iliac crest and the lowest rib.
L3-L4: Palpate just below the lowest rib.
L4-L5: Palpate at the level of the iliac crest.
L5-S1: Palpate the dimples at the base of the spine (posterior superior iliac spines).
Bony Pelvis Palpation:
1. Patient Position:
The patient can be in a supine (lying on the back) or standing position.
2. Landmarks:
Identify key landmarks:
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS): Palpate the bony prominences on the front of the pelvis.
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS): Palpate the bony prominences on the back of the pelvis.
3. Technique:
Use the pads of your fingers or thumbs:
Palpate the ASIS and PSIS bilaterally, assessing for symmetry and tenderness.
Palpate the iliac crest and the sacroiliac joint area.
Assess the pubic symphysis by palpating the midline of the pelvis.
4. Sacrum:
Palpate the sacrum:
Begin at the base of the spine (coccyx) and move upward along the midline.
Note any tenderness or abnormalities.
Demonstrate cervical and lumbar spine movements
Cervical Spine Movements:
1. Flexion:
Ask the person to:
Lower their chin toward their chest.
Assess the range of motion and note any discomfort.
2. Extension:
Ask the person to:
Tilt their head backward, looking toward the ceiling.
Evaluate the range of motion and any restrictions.
3. Lateral Flexion:
Ask the person to:
Bring one ear toward the shoulder without lifting or rotating the shoulder.
Repeat on the other side.
4. Rotation:
Ask the person to:
Turn their head to one side, bringing the chin toward the shoulder.
Repeat on the other side.
Note the range of motion and any asymmetry.
Lumbar Spine Movements:
1. Flexion:
Ask the person to:
Bend forward at the waist, reaching toward the toes.
Assess the forward bending range and any discomfort.
2. Extension:
Ask the person to:
Arch their back backward.
Evaluate the backward bending range and any restrictions.
3. Lateral Flexion:
Ask the person to:
Bend to one side at the waist without rotating the spine.
Repeat on the other side.
4. Rotation:
Ask the person to:
Twist their torso to one side while keeping the hips facing forward.
Repeat on the other side.
Note the range of motion and any asymmetry.
Show how to elicit upper and lower limb reflexes
Check neuro exam
