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Biomed > Head and neck > Flashcards

Head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main features of the neck?

A
  1. hyoid bone
  2. cricoid cartilage
  3. thyroid cartilage
  4. lower border of mandible
  5. cricothyroid membrane
  6. sternocleidomastoid
  7. tracheal rings
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2
Q

What are the skeletal components of the neck?

A
  1. cervical vertebrae
  2. mandible
  3. hyoid bone
  4. thyroid cartilage
  5. cricoid cartilage
  6. tracheal rings
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3
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are important for attachment and rotation of the skull?

A

C1 and C2

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4
Q

What does C1 do?

A

articulates with occipital condyles on base of skull to allow nodding motion

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5
Q

What is the other name of C1?

A

atlas

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6
Q

What is the other name of C2?

A

axis

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7
Q

How is a shaking head motion acheived?

A

The atlas articulates with the axis to allow rotation

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8
Q

What are the triangles of the neck?

A

the topographic areas of the neck bounded by the neck muscles

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9
Q

What are the two major triangles of the neck?

A

the anterior triangle and posterior triangle

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10
Q

What divides the neck into the anterior and posterior triangles?

A

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

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11
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate?

A

the upper edge of the sternum and the clavicle

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12
Q

What does the sternocledomastoid muscle do?

A
  1. when one side contracts, it tilts the head to the same side and turns the face to the opposite side
  2. when R and L contract together they pull the head forwards
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13
Q

What CN supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A

the spinal accessory nerve - CNX1

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14
Q

What are the main structures in the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  1. suprahyoid muscles
  2. infrahyoid muscle
  3. carotid sheath
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15
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do?

A
  1. attach hyoid to mandible
  2. imp for moving the hyoid bone in speech and swallowing
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16
Q

What does the infrahyoid muscle do?

A

attaches hyoid bone to sternum, thyroid cartilage, and scapula

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17
Q

What does the carotid sheath do?

A

contains the major arteries to the head and brain

18
Q

What does the carotid sheath surround?

A
  1. common carotid artery
  2. internal carotid artery
  3. internal jugular vein
  4. vagus nerve
19
Q

What are the main structures of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  1. external jugular vein
  2. spinal accessory nerve
  3. clusters of lymph nodes running along the jugular vein
20
Q

Which is the main artery supplying the neck?

A

external carotid

21
Q

Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

A

the external carotid

22
Q

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

part of the thyroid gland and part of the larynx

23
Q

Where do the inferior thyroid arteries arise?

A

branch off the subclavian and travel up to the thyroid

24
Q

What do the internal jugular veins do?

A

drain venous blood from the brain

25
Q

Where are the internal jugular veins?

A

Formed at base of skull and run alongside the internal and common carotid arteries

26
Q

What do the external jugular veins do?

A

drain venous blood from the superficial face and scalp

27
Q

What are the features of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. R and L lobes connected by isthmus
  2. starts superiorly at the lateral edge of the thyroid cartilage and ends superiorly at the 4th or 5th tracheal rings
  3. very rich blood supply
  4. posterior border has parathyroid glands
28
Q

What is a cricothyrotomy?

A

a procedure to establish an emergency airway

29
Q

How is a cricothyrotomy done?

A
  1. incision made through skin
  2. cricothyroid membrane is located
  3. small midline incision made in membrane
  4. tracheostomy tube inserted
30
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

a surgical operation to keep the airway open where a tube is inserted directly into the trachea

31
Q

What are the points of noticeable surface anatomy of the face?

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. orbit
  3. nasal bones and cartilages
  4. zygomatic bone
  5. maxilla
  6. mandible
32
Q

How many bones make up the cranium?

A

22

33
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8

34
Q

Which bones make up the neurocranium?

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal (2)
  3. temporal (2)
  4. occipital (1)
35
Q

Which bones make up the viscerocranium?

A
  1. nasal (2)
  2. lacrimal (2)
  3. inferior nasal concha (2)
  4. maxilla (2)
  5. mandible
  6. palatine (2)
  7. zygomatic (2)
  8. vomer
36
Q

What are the temperomandibular joints?

A
  1. synovial joints
  2. between the condyle of the mandible and articular surfaces of temporal bones
  3. all movement in jaw for chewing and speaking
37
Q

What are the superficial muscles of mastication?

A

masseter and temporalis

38
Q

What are the superior muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

mandibular branches of CNV trigeminal

39
Q

What is the masseter?

A

the most powerful muscle of mastication responsible for elevating the mandible

40
Q

What is the temporalis?

A

Muscle of mastication located on the side of the skull in the temporal region which assists in elevating and retracting the mandible

Biomed (30 decks)

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