Head And Neck

Question 1

Nerves of the pharyngeal arches.

Answer 1

Mandibular nerve.
Facial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal nerve.
Superior laryngeal nerve.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 2

Branches of facial nerve.

Answer 2

Temporal.
Zygomatic.
Buccal.
Marginal mandibular.
Cervical.

Question 3

Venous drainage of the head and face.

Answer 3

Supratrochlear vein + supraorbital vein + angular vein drain into facial vein.
Superior temporal vein and maxillary vein form the retro mandibular vein.

Anterior division of retro mandibular vein and facial vein drain into internal jugular vein.

Posterior division of retro mandibular vein and posterior auricular vein drain into external jugular vein.

Question 4

Dangerous area of face, infection spreads by ?

Answer 4

Facial vein to angular and deep facial veins.

Angular -> superior ophthalmic veins -> cavernous sinus.

Deep facial vein -> pterygoid plexus -> emissary vein -> cavernous sinus.

Question 5

Divisions of trigeminal nerve.

Answer 5

Ophthalmic.
Maxillary.
Mandibular nerve.

Question 6

Sensory nerve of the face.

Except.

Answer 6

Trigeminal nerve.

Angle mandible skin - Greater auricular nerve. (Branch of cervical plexus)

Question 7

Structures passing through foramen rotundum.

Answer 7

Maxillary nerve.

Question 8

Common carotid artery divides at.

Answer 8

Superior border of lamina of thyroid cartilage

Question 9

Structures passing through foramen ovale.

Answer 9

Accessory meningeal artery.
Lesser petrosal nerve.
Mandibular nerve.
Emissary vein.

Question 10

Structures passing through foramen spinosum.

Answer 10

Nervous spinosus.
Middle meningeal vessels.
Meningeal/ recurrent branch of mandibular nerve.

Question 11

Structures passing through foramen lacerum.

Answer 11

Internal carotid artery.

Question 12

Structures passing through anterior part of jugular foramen.

Answer 12

Inferior petrosal sinus.

Question 13

Structures passing through internal acoustic meatus.

Answer 13

7th and 8th nerve.

Labyrinthine arteries.

Question 14

Structures passing through middle part of jugular foramen.

Answer 14

9th, 10th and 11th cranial nerves.

Question 15

Structures passing through posterior part of jugular foramen.

Answer 15

Sigmoid sinus.

Question 16

Structures passing through hypoglossal or anterior condylar canal.

Answer 16

12th cranial nerve.

Question 17

Structures passing through superior orbital fissure.

Answer 17

3rd, 4th, 6th cranial nerves and ophthalmic nerve.

Question 18

Which nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to the hind gut ?

Answer 18

S2, S3, S4. Nervi erigentes. Pelvic splanchnic nerves.

Question 19

Facial nerve supplies parasympathetic supply to.

Answer 19

All glands of head and neck except parotid.

Question 20

Glossopharyngeal nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to.

Answer 20

Parotid gland.

Question 21

Vagus supplies parasympathetic innervation to.

Answer 21

All glands of the GIT.

Question 22

3rd nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to.

Answer 22

Sphincter pupillae of ciliaris.

Question 23

Nerve supply of parotid gland.

Answer 23

Inferior salivatory nucleus

Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve + sym. plexus (Jacobson’s nerve) forms Tympanic plexus.

Lesser petrosal nerve.

OTIC GANGLION

Parotid gland

Question 24

Nerve supply of submandibular and sub-lingual glands.

Answer 24

Sensory branch of the facial nerve (nervus intermedius/ nerve of Wrisberg)

Joins with motor part of facial nerve and forms trunk

Enters internal acoustic meatus.

GENICULATE GANGLION

Chorda tympani

Joins with lingual nerve and goes to submandibular ganglion.

Submandibular and sub-lingual glands.

Question 25

Nerve supply of lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands.

Answer 25

GENICULATE GANGLION. Greater petrosal nerve Joins with deep petrosal nerve to form. Nerve of pterygoid canal ( Vidians nerve) Pterygopalatine ganglion Lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands.

Question 26

Crocodile tears involve which glands.

Answer 26

Submandibular and lacrimal.

Question 27

Which nerve is irritated in allergic rhinitis ?

Answer 27

Vidians nerve.

Question 28

Tensor of vocal cords. Supplied by. Paralysis leads to.

Answer 28

Cricothyroid. External laryngeal nerve. Damage results in timber of voice.

Question 29

Abductor of vocal cords.

Answer 29

Posterior cricoarytenoid.

Question 30

Safety muscle of the tongue.

Answer 30

Genioglossus - protrudes tongue to the opposite side.

Question 31

Sign seen in paralysis of hypoglossal nerve.

Answer 31

Tongue is deviated to same side as the lesion.

Question 32

Failure of fusion of ectodermal cleft leads to.

Answer 32

Branchial sinus/ fistula.

Question 33

Development of 1st endodermal pouch.

Answer 33

Dorsal part forms tubo-tympanic recess which develops into tympanic cavity and the Eustachian tube. Ventral part joins with 2nd endodermal pouch to form the palatine tonsil.

Question 34

Development of 2nd endodermal pouch.

Answer 34

Combines with the ventral part of the 1st endodermal pouch to form the palatine tonsil.

Question 35

Development of 3rd endodermal pouch.

Answer 35

Dorsal part - inferior parathyroid glands Ventral part - forms thymus.

Question 36

Development of 4th endodermal pouch.

Answer 36

Dorsal - forms superior parathyroids. Ventral - ultimobranchial body - parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid.

Question 37

Parafollicular C-cells are derived from.

Answer 37

Neural crest cells. Ultimobranchial body. 4th endodermal pouch.

Question 38

Development of tongue.

Answer 38

Anterior 2/3rd - 2 lingual swellings and tuberculum impar. Posterior 1/3rd - cranial part of hypobranchial eminence/ copula. Posterior most part and epiglottis - caudal part of hypobranchial eminence. Muscles - occipital myotomes.

Question 39

Development of face.

Answer 39

5 processes - 1 fronto-nasal process 2 maxillary processes 2 mandibular processes.

Question 40

Mid-line upper lip cleft is due to.

Answer 40

Non fusion of 2 medial nasal processes.

Question 41

Hare lip/ cleft lip is due to.

Answer 41

Non-fusion of maxillary process with medial nasal process.

Question 42

Oblique facial cleft is due to.

Answer 42

Non fusion of maxillary process with lateral nasal process.

Question 43

Midline lower lip cleft is due to.

Answer 43

Non fusion of 2 mandibular processes.

Question 44

Development of hard palate is from.

Answer 44

Primary - fusion of 2 medial nasal processes. Secondary - fusion of palatine process of maxilla.