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Board Review > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What terminology is an opening or passage

A

Foramen

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2
Q

What terminology is a projection or extension

A

Process

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3
Q

What terminology is a bony depression

A

Fossa

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4
Q

How many bones does the skull have

A

22 which may be single or paired

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5
Q

How may cranial and facial bones are in the skull

A

8 cranial and 14 facial

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6
Q

What foramina does the superior orbital fissure run through

A

trigeminal nerve (V1), first division (Ophthalmic)

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7
Q

What foramina does the foramen rotundum run through

A

trigeminal nerve (V2) second division (Maxillary)

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8
Q

What foramina does the foramen ovale run through

A

trigeminal nerve (V3) third division (mandibular)

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve controls sense of smell

A

I Olfactory

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve controls sense of sight

A

II optic

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11
Q

Which cranial nerve controls eye muscle

A

IV trochlear

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve controls ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions

A

Trigeminal

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13
Q

which cranial nerve controls muscles of facial expressions, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani), sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (parasympathetic)

A

VII facial

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14
Q

which cranial nerve controls sense of balance and hearing

A

VIII Vestibulocochlear

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15
Q

which cranial nerve control taste and sensation for the posterior 1/3 of tongue and parasympathetic innervation of the Parotid Gland

A

IX Glassopharyngeal

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16
Q

which cranial nerve controls the smooth muscles and Glands of the body, cardiac muscle

A

X Vagus

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17
Q

which cranial nerve controls the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, Pharynx, and Larynx

A

XI Accessory

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18
Q

which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the tongue

A

XII Hypoglossal

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19
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the Trigeminal nerve

A

V1: Ophthalmic
V2: Maxillary
V3: Mandibular

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20
Q

What are the parts of the Temporomandibular joint

A

Temporal bone
Mandible
Articular disc
Capsule

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21
Q

Which part of the TMJ is the mandibular fossa, glenoid fossa or articular fossa

A

Temporal bone

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22
Q

What part is also called the condyle

A

mandible

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23
Q

This part of the TMJ is a fibrous pad of dense collagen tissue prevents bone to bone contact, divides joint into upper and lower synovial cavities thickest at the posterior, thinner in the center moves with condyle under normal function

A

Capsule

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24
Q

What is hypomobility from trauma, disease, bruxism

A

Trismus

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25
Which muscles make up the floor of the mouth
Mylohyoid
26
What carries blood to the heart and what carries blood away from the heart
Veins | Arteries
27
Three major branches of the external carotid artery
* Maxillary: teeth, muscles of mastication, eat * Lingual: tongue, floor of mouth * Facial: muscles of facial expressions, lips, eyelids, soft palate, throat
28
Veins run with arteries and often have the same name, an exception to this in the head and neck is what
Jugular vein, which runs with the carotid artery
29
This is found near the pterygoid muscles, maxillary tuberosity, and sphenoid bone. Drains to form the maxillary veins
Pterygoid plexus
30
structures which drain into the plexus include the teeth, muscles of mastication, buccinators, nose and palate
Pterygoid plexus
31
This plexus may be pierced through improper angulation of the needle during the administration of a PSA block. Hematoma may develop as a result
Pterygoid plexus
32
A sinus containing venous blood located on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone, near the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose
Cavernous sinus
33
Fetal pressure on the inferior vena cava could cause what?
Orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure due to a sudden change of posture)
34
Lymph node groups
Submental nodes Submandibular nodes Deep cervical nodes
35
Which nodes drains fluid from the mandibular incisors, tip of tongue, midline of lip, chin and floor of mouth
Submental nodes
36
Which nodes drains the submental nodes and remaining teeth | May or may not include 3rd molars
Submandibular
37
Which nodes drains the submandibular nodes, 3rd molars and the wall of the throat
Deep cervical nodes
38
infection impact upon nodal sequence
1. Primary nodes 2. Secondary nodes 3. Tertiary nodes
39
What is the first node affected by a disease process
Primary nodes
40
What is the next set of nodes affected by a disease process
Secondary nodes
41
What is the third nodal set affected by a disease process
Tertiary nodes
42
What are the components of the cell
``` Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi bodies Mitochondria Lysosomes Filaments and tubules ```
43
Which part of the cell is a site of cellular protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
44
Most structures of the oral cavity develop from two embryonic processes
1. Frontal process | 2. 1st branchial arch
45
What is the blood supply to the tongue
lingual artery
46
Which part of the tongue contains taste buds and glands of Von Ebner (minor salivary glands, serous)
Circumvallate
47
Three major pairs of salivary glands
1. Submandibular gland 2. Sublingual gland 3. Parotid gland
48
What is the function of the Temporalis muscle
Retract and elevate the mandible
49
What is the function of the master muscle
Elevate the mandible
50
What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid muscle
Elevate and protrude the mandible
51
What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle
Protrude and/or depress the mandible (working with the hyoid muscles) and allow the side to side (lateral) shift of the mandible
52
What artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
53
Aorta is most effect by
arteriosclerosis
54
The posterior (1/3) tongue (and hyoid bone) develop from which branchial arches
2nd and 3rd
55
The upper lip is complete within
six to eight weeks
56
How is the upper lip formed
Fusion of the median nasal process and right and left maxillary processes
57
What is the common site for oral cancer?
lateral borders of the tongue
58
Which part of the tongue is keratinized papillae to protect the tongue, but contains no taste buds
filiform
59
This salivary gland produces 65% of total saliva and mixed secretion
Submandibular gland
60
Submandibular gland contains which duct
Wharton's duct that empties under the tongue
61
This salivary gland produces 10% of total saliva and has mixed secretion (mostly serous)
Sublingual gland
62
The sublingual gland contains which duct
Bartholin's duct and empties under the tongue
63
This salivary gland produces 25% of total saliva and only serous secretion only
Parotid gland
64
The parotid gland contains which duct
Stenson's duct empties opposite the maxillary molars
65
What is the Hertwig's Epithrlial Root Sheath (HERS)
Shapes the root! Root lengths is complete at 1 to 4 yrs after eruption
66
The dental sac surrounds the developing tooth and becomes
Cementum, the PDL and alveolar bone
67
What is composed of a stratified squamous epithelial layer and a connective tissue lamina propria, separated by a basement membrane.
Oral mucosa
68
The oral mucosa includes
masticatory, lining, and specialized mucosal tissues
69
96% mineralized, hardest tissue of the body
Enamel
70
70% mineralized, tubular structure, forms greatest bulk of tooth
Dentin
71
50% mineralized (like bone), found on the root surface/
Cementum-thinnest at the cervical portion of the tooth, thickest at the apex
72
Cementum is nourished by the
periodontal ligaments
73
This is vital, sensory, responsive portion of the tooth, contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, fibroblast, odontoblasts, histiocytes, pulp stones
Pulp
74
Suspensatory ligament attaching tooth to alveolar socket and composed of dense collagen and fibroblasts
periodontal ligament
75
Periodontal ligaments are attached to cementum by
Sharpey's Fibers
76
Most often missed mesial coronal and root concavity
Maxillary first premolar
77
Which premolar most often having two roots
Maxillary first
78
Which premolar is the hardest for root canal therapy bec the roots are often bifurcation
Maxillary first
79
Tooth with the longest root
Maxillary canine
80
Cuspid with occasionally bifurcated root (facial-lingual)
Mandibular
81
Tooth which most often fails to develop
third molar and maxillary lateral
82
Non-functional lingual cusp
Mandibular first premolar
83
Premolar which commonly has three cusp
Mandibular second
84
Tooth which frequently has a fifth cusp
Mandibular first molar Maxillary first molar (Cusp of Carabelli)
85
Tooth most often affected by microdontia
Maxillary lateral incisor
86
Tooth most likely to have a root with two canals
Mandibular first molar (mesial root)
87
Tooth most likely to exhibit lingual caries
Maxillary lateral incisor
88
Maxillary first molar oblique ridge runs from
distobuccal cusp to messiolingual cusp
89
Which root of the mandibular first molar is the widest and strongest
Mesial root
90
Tooth with tendency to have divergent roots
Maxillary first molar
91
Tooth with the most unique anatomy
Primary first mandibular molar
92
which tooth frequently manifest dens in dente
Maxillary lateral incisor
93
``` Three of the six bones which comprise the orbit include A. Ethmoid, Frontal, parietal B. Ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine C. Ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma D. Ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine ```
Ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma
94
``` Four cranial nerves providing innervation to the tongue include: A. V, VI, IX, and X B. V, VI, VII, and IX C. V, VII, IX, and XII D. V, VI, VII, and VIII ```
V, VII, IX, and XII
95
``` The muscles of mastication most responsible for protrusion of the jaw are: A. Masseters B. Temporalis C. Medial Pterygoids D Lateral Pterygoids ```
Lateral Pterygoids
96
``` The articular fossa is provided by what bone? A Parietal B. Occipital C Sphenoid D. Temporal ```
Temporal
97
``` Whartons duct empties the A Glands of Von Ebner B. Parotid salivary glands C. Sublingual saluvary glands D. Submandibular salivary glands ```
Submandibular salivary gland
98
The keratinized papillae of the tongue are:
Filiform
99
Three developmental processes must fuse to create the upper lip. They are: A. Median nasal, lateral nasal, and globular B. Globular, and the left and right maxillary processes C. Left and right ,maxillary processes and the 1st Branchial arch D. Lateral nasal, Globular, and the left and right maxillary process
Globular and the left and right maxillary processes

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