Nutrition Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
What are the sic classes of nutrients
A
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids vitamins mineral water
2
Q
Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It provides source of energy `
A
Carbohydrates
3
Q
How much carbohydrates should you consume
A
4 kilocalories/gram
4
Q
Carbohydrates include
A
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and complex polysaccharides
5
Q
Single sugar (simplest carbohydrates)
A
Monosaccharides
6
Q
Which monosaccharides is the main fuel for brain and needed for WBCs and RBCs
Most abundant carbohydrate found in nature
A
Glucose (dextrose)
7
Q
Sweetest of the monosaccharides
A
Fructose (levulose) Fruit sugar
8
Q
This monosaccharides is compound of milk sugar
body converts glucose to galactose in mammary tissue during lactation
A
Galactose
9
Q
Double sugars, made up of two monosaccharides
A
Disaccharides
10
Q
What is made up of glucose and fructose
A
Sucrose table sugar
11
Q
Made up of glucose and galactose
A
Lactose (Milk sugar)
12
Q
Made up of 2 glucose molecules
A
Maltose (plant sugar)
13
Q
Composed of more than 10 sugar units
A
Polysaccharides (complex)
14
Q
Plant storage form of glucose (amylose and amylopectin)
Nutritionally most important carbohydrate
Digestible; breaks down at a slow rate
A
Starch
15
Q
This polysaccharides provides a carbohydrate storage form of energy in animals/humans (glycogenesis)
A
Glycogen
16
Q
Can be dietary (insoluble) or functional (soluble)
Should consume 25-38 grams/day
A
Fibers
17
Q
Initial digestion (chemical) begins in the mouth with enzyme Breaks down into maltose
A
Polysaccharides (Starch)
18
Q
Broken down by enzymes
A
Disaccharides
19
Q
Sucrase breaks down sucrose into
A
glucose and fructose
20
Q
Lactase breaks down lactose into
A
glucose and galactose
21
Q
Maltase breaks down maltose into
A
2 molecules of glucose
22
Q
Two monosaccharides that make up lactose?
A
Glucose and galactose
23
Q
What is the active ingredient in Splenda
A
Sucralose
24
Q
If you have phenylketonuria (PKU) what sweetener CANT you use
A
Equal
25
What gum should you chew after eating something sweet (3-5mins)
Xylitol
26
Active ingredient in Sweet'N Low
Saccharin
27
Active ingredient in NutraSweet and Equal
Aspartame
28
Active ingredient in Sunette and Sweet One
Acesulfame-K
29
Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin or ineffective insulin function. When glucose levels are elevated in the blood and cells, tissue damage will result
Diabetes Mellitus
30
Which type of diabetes is insulin dependent
Type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
31
Which type of diabetes is non-insulin dependent and associated with obesity
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
32
Signs and Symptoms of diabetes
Hyperglycemia
Acetone breath
Ketonemia/ketonuria
Polydipsia/polyuria/ polyphagia
33
Abnormally high blood glucose concentration
Hyperglycemia
34
Fruity odor on breath (as a result of ketosis)
Acetone breath
35
Ketones in blood/urine
Ketonemia/ ketonuria
36
increased thirst
Polydipsia
37
increased urination
Polyuria
38
increased appetite
polyphagia
39
For a diabetic when should you schedule there appointment
early in the day, following breakfast
40
this is low blood glucose levels (Remember the brain is fueled entirely by glucose) less than 70 mg/dl
Hypoglycemia
41
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
```
shakiness
dizziness
sweating
headaches
irritability
hunger
lightheadedness
Palpitations (not lowered heart rate)
```
42
In diet survey what is most important
frequency of intake
43
Organic compounds made up of amino acids.
| Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (and sometimes sulfur)
Proteins
44
What is the main function of proteins
is to repair/build tissues/cells
45
Body cannot synthesize these amino acids, must be obtain from the diet, they are 9
Essential (Indispensable) amino acids
46
These amino acids are synthesized on the liver or derived from the diet, 11 of them
Nonessential (dispensable)
47
With proteins where does the digestion begins in what?
Stomach
48
Inborn error of metabolism
| Liver cannot metabolize essential amino acid phenylalanine into nonessential amino acid tyrosine
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
49
Avoid aspartame (Nutra sweet or Equal)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
50
organic nutrients needed by the body in small quantities
Vitamins
51
Fat-soluble Vitamins include
A,D,E and K
52
Soluble in fats and fat solvents and stored in liver and fatty tissues
Not readily excreted and therefore can build up to toxic levels
Fat-soluble vitamins
53
Functions of this Vitamin prevents night blindness
| Maintains bone health and immune functions
Vitamin A
54
Function of this Vitamin is to absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Bone health and immune function
Vitamin D
55
The Nutritional Deficiency and disease of this vitamin is Rickets and Osteomalacia and Enamel Hypoplasia
Vitamin D
56
Functions of this Vitamin is antioxidant; stimulates immune response
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
57
Function of this Vitamin aids in the formation of blood-clotting factor prothrombin bine health
Vitamin K
58
Sources of this Vitamin
Green leafy vegetables and canola and soybean oils
59
Deficiencies of Vitamin K is what
Hemorrhaging
60
Deficiencies of Vitamin A is
Night blindness and stunting of bones
61
Water-soluble Vitamins include
B and C
62
easily absorbed and excreted; therefore, unlikely to reach toxic levels
Water-soluble Vitamins
63
The main function of water-soluble vitamins include
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and blood formation (hemopoiesis)
64
The function of this vitamin is to coenzyme needed for nerve function and energy metabolism
Thiamine (B1)
65
Thiamine is
B1
66
Deficiency and Disease of Thiamine (B1) is
Beri Beri- Damages nervous and cardiovascular systems
67
Riboflavin=
B2
68
Function of Riboflavin B2 is
prevents cheilosis and glossitis
69
Niacin=
B3
70
Function of Niacin (B3)
Coenzyme in energy ,metabolism
71
Deficiency of Niacin (B3) is
Pellagra (4Ds Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis (rough, painful skin) death
72
Function of folate (Folacin, Folic Acid)
Assists of forming DNA and RNA and RBC formation
73
Deficiency of Folate (Folacin, Folic acid) B9
Megaloblastic anemia
glossitis
diarrhea
birth defects (spina bifada)
74
Which Vitamin is the most common deficiency in the US
Folic Aid, Folacin and Folate
75
Cobalamin or Cyanocobalamin=
B12
76
Functions of B12 is
Helps builds tissues, maintains nerve cells and essential for RBC development
77
Which Vitamin is needed for folate metabolism
Cobalamin (Cyanocobalamin B12)
78
Deficiency of Vit B12 is
found in strict vegetarians; pernicious anemia-weakness, sore tongue, and apathy
79
Vitamin C=
Ascorbic acid
80
Functions of Vitamin C is
Promotes synthesis of proteins collagen (connective tissue); antioxidant
81
Deficiency of Vit C is
Scurvy; swollen and bleeding gingiva; delayed wound healing and loosening of teeth
82
what is scurvy
ruptured blood vessels
83
Most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium ( all cells need calcium)
84
Functions of Calcium are
Forms and maintains bones and teeth
| Coagulates blood
85
Deficiency of Calcium
Rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
86
Which Vitamin helps absorb calcium
Vitamin D
87
This contributes the high blood pressure which can lead to heart disease and stroke; hypertension is not cause by this
Sodium
88
self-starvation due to a distorted body image, fear of gaining weight
Anorexia nervosa
89
Episodes of binge eating followed by purging (vomiting, use of laxatives and purgatives or diuretic abuse) to prevent weight gain
Bulimia
90
What are oral manifestation of Bulimia
```
Dental erosion
Restorative erosion
Thermal sensitivity of teeth
Enlarged parotid glands
Cheilosis
Pharyngeal tears and erythema of the palate, pharynx, and posterior tongue
```
91
What type of fluoride should be used with bulimia
```
sodium fluoride rinses
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
```
92
```
Glucose of also known as?
A. Maltose
B. levulose
C. glycogen
D. Dextrose
```
Dextrose
93
Another name for maltose is
Disaccharide
94
Another name for levulose is
Fructose
95
Another name for glycogen is
Carbohydrates
96
```
Sucrose is hydrolyzed into:
A glucose and fructose
B. Glucose and galactose
C. Two molecules of glucose
D. Two molecules of fructose
```
Glucose and fructose
97
```
Each of the following is a sign and symptom of disbetes EXCEPT one
A Ketonemia
B Acetone breath
C Hyperglycemia
D Decreased Appetite
```
Decreased appetite
| Increased is the answer
98
```
Good examples of complete protein include?
A. Meat, fruit, and fish
B. meat eggs, and cheese
C. meat fruit, vegetables
D. grains, fruit, and vegetables
```
meat, eggs and cheese
99
```
Aspartame should NOT be consumed by individuals with:
A. diabetes
B. marasmus
C. phenylketonuria
D. high blood pressure
```
Phyenylketonuria PKU
100
```
Which fatty acids maintain serum cholesterol levels?
A. Saturated
B. Derived lipid
C. Polyunsaturated
D. Monounsaturated
```
Monounsaturated
101
Linoleic fatty acid is also known as Omega-3 . Source of linoleic fatty acid include mackerel and salmon
both are false
Linoleic fatty acid is known as Omega-6
and sources include vegetable oils
102
```
Which vitamin can interfere with the function of vitamin K?
A B1
B C
C. D
D. E
```
Vitamin E
103
```
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?
A. E
B. A
C. D
D. B3
```
Vitamin D
104
```
Which is NOT a component of Vit B complex
A. Thiamine
B Folic acid
C. Ascorbic Acid
D. Pantothenic acid
```
Ascorbic acid
105
```
Which vitamin promotes the synthesis of collagen
A. D
B. A
C. C
D. K
```
Vit C
106
What are the monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
107
What are the disaccharides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
108
What are the Polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Fibers
