Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
what is the most common type of joint seen between most bones in the skull
A
fibrous joint
2
Q
which part of the skull bone - compact bone or spongey bone - houses red marrow
A
compact bone
3
Q
what is the name of the suture between the R and L parietal bone
A
sagittal suture
4
Q
what is the name of the suture between the parietal and frontal bones
A
coronal suture
5
Q
what is the name of the suture between the parietal and occipital bones
A
lambdoid suture
6
Q
what bone is the mastoid process a part of
A
temporal bone
7
Q
what bones is the zygomatic arch a part of
A
temporal and zygomatic bones
8
Q
what bone is the styloid process a part of
A
temporal bone
9
Q
name two structures that pass through the foramen magnum
A
- spinal cord
- R and L vertebral arteries
also - meninges and spinal roots of accessory nerve
10
Q
what type of joint is present between the zygomatic and temporal bones at the zygomatic arch
A
suture joint
11
Q
name the 5 layers of the scalp
A
- skin
- dense connective tissue
- aponeurosis
- loose areolar connective tissue
- peritoneum
12
Q
what action is produced by the contraction of the anterior belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle
A
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
13
Q
what structure forms from the ventral rami of C5 to T1
A
brachial plexus
14
Q
in which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present
A
dense connective tissue
15
Q
why do wounds to the scalp bleed profusely
A
- the pull of the occipitofrontalis muscle prevents closure of bleeding vessels
- blood vessels adhere to dense connective tissue, preventing vasoconstriction
16
Q
which artery in the neck is the superficial temporal artery a branch of
A
external carotid artery
17
Q
what is diploe
A
the spongey cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical (compact) bone of the skull
18
Q
which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression
A
facial nerve (CN VII)
19
Q
from which foramen does the facial nerve emerge onto the side of the face
A
stylomastoid foramen
20
Q
what type of gland is the parotid gland
A
exocrine
21
Q
which nerve branches can you see emerging from the anterior border of the parotid gland
A
branches of the facial nerve
22
Q
opposite to which tooth does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity
A
2nd upper molar
23
Q
which artery and vein pass into the parotid gland
A
external carotid artery, retromandibular vein
24
Q
which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibres destined for the parotid gland
A
glossopharyngeal nerve
25
where does the sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland originate from
superior cervical ganglion
26
what bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face
mandible
27
where does the facial artery end
medial eyes
28
which major vein in the neck do the facial vein and superficial temporal veins drain into
internal jugular vein
29
what kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)
synovial ellipsoid (aka condyloid)
30
what kind of joint is present between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) at the odontoid peg
synovial pivot
31
what structures pass through the transverse foramen of your vertebrae
vertebral artery and vein, and sympathetic nervous plexus
32
what is the vertebra prominens
C7 - easily palpable spinous process
33
what are the borders of the anterior triangle
superiorly: mandible
laterally: sternocleidomastoid
medially: midline of neck
34
what are the borders of the posterior triangle
anteriorly: sternocleidomastoid
posteriorly: trapezius
inferiorly: clavicle
35
if the R sternocleidomastoid contracted, which way would the head tilt and which side would the face turn
head tilt R
| face turn L
36
which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
37
which artery is the common carotid artery a branch of on the R side and the L side
R side - brachiocephalic trunk
| L side - aortic arch
38
what structures in the neck run within the carotid sheath
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
39
at what level does the common carotid artery divide into the ECA and ICA in the neck
C4 - thyroid cartilage
40
what action do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone
depress the mandible (opening the mouth)
| elevate the hyoid bone (swallowing)
41
name the 4 suprahyoid muscles of the neck and what nerves innervate them
1. mylohyoid - CN V3
2. digastric - CN V3 and VII
3. stylohyoid - CN VII
4. geniohyoid - CN XII
42
name the 4 infrahyoid (strap) muscles of the neck
1. sternohyoid
2. sternothyroid
3. thyrohyoid
4. omohyoid
43
what are the vertebral root values of the cervical plexus
C1 - C4
44
what is the ansa cervicalis
loop of nerves formed by C1-C3
45
what are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland
R and L lobes, isthmus
46
with which bone do the nasal apertures articulate superiorly at the nasion
frontal bone
47
what two bones form the nasal septum
1. vomer bone
| 2. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
48
what nerve fibres passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
olfactory nerve fibres
49
what kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
50
what is the name given to the space above the superior concha in the nasal cavity
sphenoethmoidal recess
51
what bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of
the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
52
what is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the nose
ophthalmic artery, venous plexus
53
what are the paranasal air sinuses
air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity
54
which bone forms the roof of the nasopharynx
sphenoid bone
55
what is the nasopharyngeal tonsil
a collection of lymphoid tissue beneath the epithelium of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx
also known as the adenoid
56
what movements of the mandible occur at the temporomandibular joint
elevation, depression, protrusion, retraction, and side to side movements
57
name the 4 muscles of mastication
1. temporalis
2. masseter
3. medial pterygoid
4. lateral pterygoid
58
through which foramen does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve emerge through into the cranial cavity
foramen ovale
59
which nerve provides sensory innervation to the mandibular area
inferior alveolar nerve
60
what is the name of the posterior opening of the oral cavity
the oropharyngeal isthmus
61
what two bones form the hard palate
1. palatine process of maxilla
| 2. horizontal plate of palatine bones
62
name the 5 muscles in the soft palate
1. tensor veli palatini
2. levator veli palatini
3. palatoglossus
4. palatopharyngeus
5. muscular uvulae
63
what is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate
pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X), except tensor veli palatini which is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve (branch of CN V3)
64
what type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsils
lymphoid
65
what structure divides the tongue into its anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
V-shaped sulcus terminalis
66
the anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections called papillae, name the 4 types of papillae and which of these have taste buds
1. filiform
2. fungiform
3. circumvallate
4. follate
filiform is the only one to not have taste buds present
67
the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection known as what
lingual tonsils
68
name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth
lingual frenulum
69
what nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
chorda tympani of the facial nerve (CN VII)
70
which nerve provides sensory innervation the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
71
what do the intrinsic muscle fibres of the tongue collectively do
change the shape of the tongue
72
which nerve provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
73
name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
1. genioglossus
2. hyoglossus
3. styloglossus
4. palatoglossus
74
which muscle attaching to the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
palatoglossus - is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)
75
name the 3 large pairs of salivary glands, and the cranial nerve from which parasympathetic innervation that is secretormotor to the gland originates
parotid - glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
submandibular - facial (CN VII)
sublingual - facial (CN VII)
76
what cartilage makes the "Adam's apple" in males
thyroid cartilage
77
which cartilage in the larynx is a complete ring shape
cricoid
78
what occupies the space between the laryngeal cartilages
dense connective tissue membranes
79
what would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected
vocal cord paralysis
80
what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx
(internal) superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve
81
name the 3 muscles that form the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx
1. stylopharyngeus
2. salpingopharyngeus
3. palatopharyngeus
82
name the 3 muscles that form the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx
superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles
83
branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus
glossopharyngeal and vagus
84
which cranial nerves provide sensory innervation to the 3 areas of the pharynx
nasopharynx - maxillary nerve (CN V2)
oropharynx - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
laryngopharynx - vagus nerve (CN X)
85
what is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles in the pharynx during swallowing
shorten and widen the pharynx and elevate the larynx
86
what is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring
a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx
87
what structures pass through the optic foramen
1. optic nerve
| 2. ophthalmic artery
88
what structures pass through the superior orbital fissure
1. CN III, IV, V1 and VI
| 2. ophthalmic veins
89
what are the components of the outer fibrous layer of the eye
1. sclera
| 2. cornea
90
what are the components of the middle vascular layer of the eye
1. choroid
2. ciliary body
3. iris
91
what are the components of the inner sensory layer of the eye
retina
92
what is the name given to the watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye
aqueous humor
93
what is the name given to the gel in the posterior segment of the eye
vitreous humor
94
what part of the eye secretes aqueous humor
ciliary epithelium
95
which intrinsic muscle of the eye is responsible for accommodation
ciliaris muscle
96
which is the only muscle that does not arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit of the eye
inferior oblique
97
what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye
support the eye and prevent downward displacement of the eyeball
98
name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye
ophthalmic artery
99
what types of joints are found between the ossicles of the ear
synovial
100
which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane and which is in contact with the oval window
malleus, stapes
101
what is the action of the tensor tympani
tenses the tympanic membrane, reducing amplitude of vibrations
102
what is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth of the ear
perilymph
103
what is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth of the ear
endolymph
104
what is the function of the cochlea and the semicircular canals
hearing and balance
105
through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa
internal acoustic meatus
106
where do the efferent lymphatic vessels from the groups of lymph nodes of the scalp and neck carry lymph to
deep cervical nodes
107
which four bones come together at the pterion
1. frontal
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. sphenoid
108
what are the grooves that run laterally on both sides of the posterior cranial fossa starting from the internal occipital protuberance for
the transverse sinus
109
what is the s-shaped groove that is a lateral continuation of the transverse sinus for
the sigmoid sinus
110
into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead
jugular foramen
111
what is the sella turcica
a deep depression in the midline of the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa which houses the pituitary gland
112
name the muscle that attaches to the medial pterygoid plate
superior constrictor of pharynx
113
name the muscles that attach to the lateral pterygoid plate
lateral pterygoid muscle and medial pterygoid muscle
114
what are the advantages for a neonate of having a comparatively flexible skull
1. allows for moulding of the skull into an oblong during childbirth
2. allows the brain to grow during infancy
3. absorbs shock in the event of a fall so there is less damage to the brain
115
what type of ossification occurs in the flat bones of the vault of the skull, and in the irregular bones of the base of the skull
intramembranous, endochondral
116
by what age are all the fontanelles of a childs skull fully closed
2 years
117
what type of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
118
what is the function of a myoepithelial cell
contract when gland is stimulated to secrete
119
what type of secretions come from the parotid gland
predominantly serous
120
what type of secretions come from the submandibular gland
mixed serous and mucous
121
what type of secretions come from the sublingual gland
mucous
