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Neuro Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in

A

posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

name the 3 parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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3
Q

embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem

A

mesencephalon - midbrain

rhombencephalon - hindbrain

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4
Q

what are the cavities of the ventricular system that lie within the brainstem

A

the cerebral aqueduct and the 4th ventricle

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5
Q

which 3 cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction

A

abducens (VI), facial (VII), vestibulococholear (VIII)

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6
Q

which cranial nerve emerging from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course

A

abducens nerve (CN VI)

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7
Q

what are the pyramids of the medulla

A

descending motor fibres

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8
Q

what is the significance of the decussation of the pyramids of the medulla

A

this is where the descending motor fibres cross over to the contralateral side

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9
Q

what is contained in the olive of the medulla

A

the olivary nucleus

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10
Q

what structure does the inferior “closed” part of the medulla open into

A

the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

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12
Q

what kind of fibres make up the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

centripetal fibres

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13
Q

what part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain

A

diencephalon

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14
Q

what kind of fibres make up the cerebral peduncles and where are they destined for

A

efferent motor fibres destined for the lower motor neurone synapses in the spinal cord

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15
Q

what two structures make up the diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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16
Q

what are the surface projections visible on the surface of the hypothalamus called

A

mammillary bodies

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17
Q

what is the name given to the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres

A

the vermis

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18
Q

what structures make up the cerebellum

A

anterior lobe, posterior lobe, flocculonodular lobe

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19
Q

to what parts of the brain is the cerebellum connected to by its peduncles

A

superior cerebral peduncles - midbrain
middle cerebral peduncles - pons
inferior cerebral peduncles - medulla

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20
Q

what is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum

A

the 4th ventricle

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21
Q

what is cerebellar coning

A

when the cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum due to a sudden drop in intracranial pressure

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22
Q

what is the name given to the large fissure separating the two hemispheres

A

the median longitudinal fissure

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23
Q

what is the name of the fold of dura mater which covers over the cerebellum that the cerebral hemispheres sit on posteriorly

A

the tentorium cerebelli

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24
Q

which lobe contains the primary motor cortex

A

frontal lobe - area 4

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25
which lobe contains the primary visual cortex
occipital lobe - area 17
26
which lobe contains the primary sensory cortex
parietal lobe - area 1,2,3
27
which lobe contains the primary auditory cortex
temporal lobe - superior temporal gyrus
28
at what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in adults and newborns
adults - L1 / L2 | newborn - L3 / L4
29
at what vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid mater terminate
S2
30
what happens to the pia mater inferior to the spinal cord
forms the filum terminale - a fibrous ligament
31
at what vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture on an adult and how would you position the patient in order to gain access to the lumbar cistern
L3-L4 | in the foetal position to separate the vertebrae as much as possible
32
what clinical signs are upper motor neurone lesions generally characterised by
spasticity, an increased muscle tone, complex sensory syndromes
33
what clinical signs are lower motor neurone lesions generally characterised by
global sensory changes and flaccid paralysis
34
what is the circle of willis
a circle of anastomosing arteries which supply the blood to the brain
35
from which arteries do the L and R vertebral arteries arise
subclavian artery
36
at what vertebral level do the L and R internal carotid arteries arise
C4
37
in which fissure of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery travel
longitudinal fissure
38
in which fissure of the brain does the middle cerebral artery travel
lateral (sylvian) fissure
39
in which fissure of the brain does the inferior cerebral artery travel
calcarine fissure
40
what veins drain into the cavernous sinus
superior and inferior ophthalamic veins
41
what fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space
CSF
42
what structure separates the cerebral hemispheres
the falx cerebri
43
to what bony structure does the falx cerebra attach to anteriorly
crista galli
44
which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri
superior sagittal sinus
45
to what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to
posterior clinoid process of the sphenoid bone
46
which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium
straight sinus
47
what is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called
diaphragma sellae
48
which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the dura mater
middle meningeal artery
49
through which foramen in the skull does the middle meningeal artery enter the cranial cavity
foramen spinosum
50
what embryological structures are the ventricles within the brain formed from
the neural canal - the centre of the neural tube
51
in which lobes of the brain do the horns and body of the lateral ventricle lie
anterior horn - frontal body - parietal posterior horn - occipital inferior horn - temporal
52
what is the name given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate CSF
choroid plexus
53
at what location is the CSF finally reabsorbed back into the general circulation
across the arachnoid villi
54
what kind of fibres pass through the corpus callosum
commissural fibres
55
what are the four parts of the corpus callosum
rostrum - genu - body - splenium
56
what is the septum pellucidum
a thin sheet which lies in the mid-saggital plane and separates the anterior horns of the two lateral ventricles
57
what is the fornix
a bundle of fibres which links the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
58
list 6 functions of the hypothalamus
1. controls release of hormones to the pituitary gland 2. controls body temp 3. controls hunger and thirst 4. controls sexual behaviour 5. controls circadian rhythm 6. mediation of emotional responses
59
name 2 structures that together constitute the basal ganglia (nuclei)
caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus
60
what is the name of the fibres that connect the cerebral hemispheres with other parts of the brain
projection fibres
61
which cerebral artery through one of its branches supplies the internal capsule
the middle cerebral artery
62
what are the features used to identify spinal cord from the cervical region
wide oval shaped little grey matter lots of white matter
63
what are the features used to identify spinal cord from the thoracic region
wide oval shaped lateral horns present in grey matter
64
what are the features used to identify spinal cord from the lumbar region
circular lots of grey matter some white matter
65
what are the features used to identify spinal cord from the sacral region
circular lots of grey matter very little white matter
66
which aspect of the spinal cord receives sensory nerve fibres
dorsal horn
67
from which aspect of the spinal cord do motor nerve fibres project
ventral horn
68
which opening in the base of the skull does CN I pass through
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
69
which opening in the base of the skull does CN II pass through
optic canal
70
which opening in the base of the skull do CN III, IV, V1, and VI pass through
superior orbital fissure
71
which opening in the base of the skull does CN V2 pass through
foramen rotundum
72
which opening in the base of the skull does CN V3 pass through
foramen ovale
73
which opening in the base of the skull does CN VII and VIII pass through
internal acoustic meatus
74
which opening in the base of the skull do CN IX, X and XI pass through
jugular foramen
75
which opening in the base of the skull does CN XII pass through
hypoglossal canal
76
which of the cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component
VII, IX, X
77
which of the cranial nerves originate from the cerebrum
I and II
78
which cranial nerve originates from the midbrain, and which from the pons
midbrain - IV | pons - V
79
which is the only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain
IV
80
which cranial nerves originate from the ponto-medullary junction
VI, VII, VIII
81
which cranial nerves originate from the medulla
IX, X, XI, XII
82
which cranial nerve originates from the midbrain-pontine junction
III

Anatomy (3 decks)

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