Head and neck anatomy- week one, module one

Question 1

What is the skull broadly divided into?

Answer 1

The neurocranium (upper back part of the skull) The Viscerocranium (Facial Skull) The Mandible (Lower Jaw)

Question 2

What is the most common type of joint seen between most bones in the skull?

Answer 2

fibrous joint- sutures - bound by Sharpey’s fibres (only found between flat structures)

Question 3

Most bones of the skull are made up of an external and internal layer of compact bone separated by spongy bone known as?

Answer 3

Diploe

Question 4

Label this diagram

Answer 4

Question 5

Where is the red marrow housed?

Answer 5

In the diploe

Question 6

Label the diagram

Answer 6

Question 7

Where is the external auditory meatus?

Question 8

What type of joint are sutures?

Answer 8

Fibrous joint

Question 9

Where do the sagittal suture lie between?

Answer 9

Between the parietal bone

Question 10

What does the coronal suture lie between?

Answer 10

lies between Frontal and Parietal bone

Question 11

What does the lambdoid suture lie between?

Answer 11

Pariental and occipital

Question 12

What are fontanelles?

Answer 12

Areas of fibrous tissue.

• Bones of the skull are not fused in young children and so are connected by fontanelles

Question 13

Bulging or depressions of fontanelles can be a sign of what?

Answer 13

A number of clinical conditions which will need investigated

Question 14

Which fontanelles would close first?

Answer 14

The posterior fontanelles

Question 15

What are the type of bones are the bones of the facial skeleton?

Answer 15

Mainly irregular bones

• they give attatchment to muscles of the toungue, mastication and pharynx

Question 16

Label this diagram

Answer 16

Question 17

What bony prominence is A and what bone does it belong to?

Answer 17

Occipital protuberance

Part of the occipital bone

Question 18

What bony prominence is B and what bone does it belong to?

Answer 18

Mastoid process

A part of the temporal bone

Question 19

What bony prominence is C and what bone does it belong to?

Answer 19

Zygomatic arch

Made up of the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone

Question 20

What bony prominence is D and which bone is it a apart of?

Answer 20

Styloid process

Part of the temporal bone

Question 21

What bony prominence is E and what bone does it belong to?

Answer 21

occipital condyles

part of the occipital bones

Question 22

Which bondy prominences can be palpated?

Answer 22

Occipital protuberance, Mastoid process and Zygomatic arch

Question 23

Where does the scalp extend to?

Answer 23

Anteriorly until the eyebrows

Posteriorly till the superior nuchal lines

Laterally as far as the superior temporal line and provides an attachment for muscle bellies.

Question 24

What bone is the superior nuchal line a part of?

Answer 24

The occipital bone

Question 25

What two bones form the zygomatic arch?

Answer 25

Anteriorly: Zygomatic Bone Posteriorly: Temporal Bone

Question 26

What do the layers of the skull divide the floor of the skull into?

Answer 26

The floor of the skull is on three levels dividing the cranial cavity into three fossae

Question 27

What are the 3 layers of the skull floor?

Answer 27

1. Anterior cranial fossa 2. Middle cranial fossa 3. Posterior cranial fossa

Question 28

What bone can be clearly visulaised here and what layer does it make up?

Answer 28

The sphenoid bone and it makes up most of the middle cranial fossa

Question 29

Label the sphenoid bone

Question 30

What are the five layers of the scalp?

Answer 30

Skin Connective Tissue Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontal msucle (epicrainial aponeurosis) Loose areolar tissue Pericrainum (N.B these two final layers are usually not easily visable)

Question 31

label this diagram

Answer 31

Question 32

What layer of the scalp does the epicranial aponeurosis make up?

Answer 32

Third layer of the scalp This aponeurosis connects the anterior (frontal) and posterior (occipital) bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Question 33

What nerve innervates the area in front of the red line?

Answer 33

Cranial Nerve V (Cr.N.5) Trigeminal

Question 34

What nerve innervates the area behind the red line?

Answer 34

C 2, 3, 4 spinal nerves

Question 35

What cervical spinal nerve has no cutaneous innervation?

Answer 35

C1 No bit of skin is innervated by C1

Question 36

What happens to C5-T1?

Answer 36

Ventral rami - go away and form the brachial plexus

Question 37

Label this diagram

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe spinal nerves

Answer 38

Both Ventral (motor) and Dorsal (sensory) They only carry sympathetic fibres White rami communicans takes away grey rami carrues back Only the sympatetic Ganglion

Question 39

Describe crainial nerves

Answer 39

can have sensory, motor and parasympatetic fibres Some have all, some have one only

Question 40

How does the parasympatetic fibres make its way back to the trunk?

Answer 40

Via the vagus nerve (cranial nerve)

Question 42

What fibres can the cranial nerves potentially carry?

Answer 42

Sensory - general sensory (Touch, temp, pain) - special sensory (vision, hearing, smell, taste) motor sympathetic

Question 44

What fibres does Cr.N. 5 (trigeminal) carry?

Answer 44

Sensory- General sensation- dermatomes of the face But can also carry motor fibres **NO PARASYMPATHETIC**

Question 45

What does the facial nerve carry?

Answer 45

The facial nerve carries special sensation of taste, motor and parasympathetic

Question 46

How do sympathetic fibres reavh areas supplied by cranial nerves?

Answer 46

Postganglionic fibres from the sympathetic chain form a plexus and hitch a ride with the blood vessels

Question 47

How many branches does crainial nerve 5 have (trigenimal) and what are these branches called?

Answer 47

Opthalmic division (V1)- forehead and upper part of the eye Maxillary divison (V2)- sensory to the upper jawbone Mandibular (V3)- lower jaw All are general sensory (Temp, pain) no special sensors however V3 also has motor fibres **NO PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES**

Question 48

What is the anterior part of the scalp (anterior to the auricle or external ear) supplied by?

Answer 48

It is supplied by the branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 49

What supplies the posterior half of the scalp?

Answer 49

In the posterior half of the scalp (posterior to the auricle) nerve supply is from cutaneous branches of cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3. Both the anterior and posterior rami of these spinal nerves supply the scalp

Question 50

Label the sensory supply to the regions arrowed

Answer 50

Question 51

What structure forms from the ventral rami of C5 to T1 and what does it innervate?