Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Head and Neck - Bones, muscles and organs > Flashcards

Head and Neck - Bones, muscles and organs Flashcards

(145 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List the two types of cranium

A
  1. Neurocranium: contains brain, lined by dura mater
  2. Viscerocranium: makes up the face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 9 prominent bones of the skull

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Zygomatic bone
  3. Nasal Bone
  4. Frontal Bone
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Parietal bone
  7. Occipital bone
  8. Temporal bone
  9. Mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which bone has a mastoid process?

A

Temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 5 skull bones that can be visualized interiorly

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoid
  3. Sphenoid bone
  4. Temporal bone
  5. Occipital bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 2 skull sutures found posteriorly - and the name of where they meet

A
  1. Lambdoidal suture
  2. Sagittal suture

They meet at Lambda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which anterior suture is only seen early in life and then disappears (usually)

A

The metopic suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the 3 skull sutures that can be seen laterally

A
  1. Coronal suture
  2. Squamous suture
  3. Lambdoidal suture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which sutures meet at the Lambda?

A

Lambdoidal and sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which sutures meet at pterion?

A

Coronal and squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which sutures meet at Asterion?

A

Squamous and lambdoidal sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which sutures meet at the bregma?

A

Coronal and sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which area of the skull is very sensitive and if trauma can be deathly?

A

Temporal fossa: lateral portions of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the 12 facial muscles

A
  1. (Occipito)frontalis
  2. Corrugator supercilii
  3. Orbicularis oculi
  4. Levator labii superioris
  5. Zygomaticus minor and major
  6. Levator anguli oris
  7. Depressor anguli oris
  8. Depressor labii inferioris
  9. Buccinator
  10. Orbicularis oris
  11. Mentalis
  12. Platysma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the frontalis muscle extend to? What does it do?

A

all the way to the occipital bone! = occipitofrontalis

Wrinkle forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

A

Blinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the platysma muscle do?

A

Stretches the skin of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the buccinator muscle do?

A

Inflate and deflate the cheeks, as well as keep food inside the mouth

Deeper than Levator anguli oris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a corrugator supercilii muscle do?

A

Brings eyebrow together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does levator labii superioris do?

A

Lifts upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the zygomaticus major and minor do?

A

Lifts corner of upper lip superiorly and laterally

Minor on top of major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the levator anguli oris do?

A

Lifts corner of upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the orbicularis oris muscle do?

A

purses lips = duck face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the depressor anguli oris do?

A

Depresses angle of the lower lip = sad face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does a depressor labii inferioris do ?

A

Pulls lower lip inferiorly = pouting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does the mentalis muscle do?
Crinkles chin
26
Which facial muscles is this girl using?
Corrugator supercilii Orbicularis oris and depressor labii inferioris JUST FOR FUN
27
How many canine, incisors, premolars and molars do we typically have? (1 side of the mouth)
Canine: 1 Incisors: 2 Premolars: 2 Molars: 3
28
Name the plates of sphenoid bone
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
29
Point to fossa of mandible
30
Point to the styloid process and which bone does it belong to
Belongs to the temporal bone
31
Point to the mastoid process and what bone that it belongs to?
Belongs to the temporal bone
32
Point to the occipital condyle and what bone does it belong to
Belongs to the occipital bone
33
What attaches to the occipital condyles?
The atlas vertebrae
34
Point to the foreman magnum
35
Which facial bone is part of our nasal septum? Point to it
The vomer
36
Which skull bone makes the palatine bone? Point to it
The maxilla
37
Name the 8 parts of the mandible
1. Condylar process = mandibular condyle 2. Mandibular notch 3. Coronoid process 4. Genu of mandible 5. Body 6. Angle 7. Ramus 8. Mental protuberance
38
What meet at the Genu of the mandible?
Right and left part of the mandible
39
List the four muscles involved in mastication and point to them
1. Temporalis 2. Masseter 3. Medial pterygoid 4. Lateral pterygoid
40
What does the temporalis muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process of mandible Elevate mandible particularly be incisors
41
What does the masseter muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: angle and body of mandible Elevate mandible particularly be molars
42
What does the Medial pterygoid muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: Pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone Insertion: angle and body of mandible Elevate and medially deviate mandible
43
What does the lateral pterygoid muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: Pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone Insertion: Condylar process and TMJ joint disc Open and protrude the mandible
44
Which three muscles are actually involved in bitting? Point to them! - how do you test them?
Temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid - patient to bite on the tongue depressor
45
Which mastication muscle opens to jaw? Point to it! How do you test this muscle?
Lateral pterygoid Ask patient to open the jaw and protrude the chin
46
What happens when the muscles of mastication are weak?
Chin will deviate towards weak side ** supermarket cart story
47
Which bone of the body does not attach to any other bone? Name its parts
The hyoid bone
48
Name the 3 cartilages of the pharynx (anteriorly and laterally) Point to them!
1. Epiglottis 2. Thyroid cartilage 3. Cricoid
49
Which pharynx cartilage may grow more in men in why? Point to it!!
Thyroid cartilage, because an increase of testosterone
50
Which cartilage of the pharynx stretches, vocal cords, changing the tone? Point to it!!
Cricoid cartilage
51
Which posterior cartilage of the larynx actually attach to the vocal cords? Point to it!
Arytenoid cartilage -adjust tension - control airway
52
What does the word thyroid mean?
Shield
53
Name the seven muscles of the pharynx seen laterally. Point to them!
1. Buccinator 2. Superior pharyngeal constrictor 3. Middle Pharyngeal constrictor 4. Inferior pharyngeal constrictor 5. Cricopharyngeus muscle 6. esophagus 7. Stylopharyngeus muscle
54
Point to the hyoid bone in this picture
55
Point to the thyroid cartilage in this picture
56
Point to the thyrohyoid membrane
57
Which pharynx muscle relaxes to let food in in contract to stop food
Cricopharyngeus muscle = esophageal sphincter
58
Which three pharyngeal muscles elevate the hyoid bone when swallowing
Superior middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
59
Which pharynx muscle elevates and shortens the pharynx
The stylopharyngeus muscle
60
Name the 3 internal pharyngeal muscles. Point to them!
1. Levator veli palatini muscle 2. Palatopharyngeous muscle] 3. Laryngeal Muscles
61
Which internal pharynx muscle lifts the soft palate
The levator levi palatini muscle
62
What does the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: Buccinator muscle Insertion: Occipital bone and pharyngeal constrictors Constrict pharynx to move bolus of food inferiorly
63
What does the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: Hyoid bone Insertion: Other pharyngeal constrictors Constrict pharynx to move bolus of food inferiorly
64
What does the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: Thyroid cartilage Insertion: Other pharyngeal constrictors Constrict pharynx to move bolus of food inferiorly
65
What does the stylopharyngeus muscle do and list origin - insertion
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone Insertion: Pharyngeal constrictors Elevate and shorten pharynx
66
Point to the hard palate
67
Point to the palatoglossal fold
68
Point to the vallecula and why is it important?
This is where they laryngoscope goes and it allows to pull tongue out = open airway
69
Point to the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
70
Point to the pharyngeal tonsil
71
Point to the soft palate
72
Point to the nasopharynx
73
Point to the oropharynx
74
Point to the Uvula
75
Point to the palatine tonsil and what is it known for?
Most commonly removed on tonsillectomies
76
Point to the palatopharyngeal arch
77
Point to the epiglottis
78
List five muscles of the oral region. Point to them!!
1. Muscle of soft palate and uvula 2. Levator levi palatini 3. Tensor veli palatini 4. Palatopharyngeus muscle 5. Palatoglossus
79
Point to the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube
80
What does the tensor veli palatini muscle do and list origin - insertion. Point to it!!
Origin: Cartilage of auditory tube and pterygoid plates Insertion: Soft palate Separate the nasopharynx and oropharynx
81
What does the levator veli palatini muscle do and list origin - insertion. Point to it!!
Origin: Cartilage of auditory tube Insertion: Soft palate Separate the nasopharynx and oropharynx
82
Point to the tensor veli palatini tendon
83
Point to the uvula muscles
84
Point to the tonsillar branch of facial artery and why is it important?
Makes the tonsils Highly vascularized complications in surgery can end in death.
85
Which cranial nerve is found in the oral region - point to it!!
CN IX= glossopharyngeal nerve
86
What does a muscle of soft palate and uvula do and list origin - insertion?
Origin: hard palate and ptrygoid plates of sphenoid bone Insertion: same muscle from the opposite side Separates the nasopharynx and oropharynx
87
What does the palatopharyngeus muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: Soft palate Insertion: Pharyngeal constrictors Depress pallet and elevate pharynx
88
What does the palatoglossus muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: soft palate Insertion: base of tongue Depress pallet
89
What noise can you do if you are contracting the muscles that separate nasopharynx and oropharynx
Snoring
90
List the 3 suprahyoid muscles - What do they do when swallowing - Point to them!!
They elevate the hyoid bone 1. Posterior and anterior belly of the digastric muscle 2. Stylohyoid muscle 3. Mylohyoid muscle
91
Point to the hyoid bone
92
List the 4 infrahyoid muscles - What do they do to the hyoid bone? - Point to them!!
Will depress the hyoid bone 1. Thyrohyoid 2. Sternothyroid 3. Omohyoid superior and inferior belly 4. Sternohyoid
93
Point to the supra in infra-hyoid muscles anteriorly
94
What does the digastric muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: Mastoid process Insertion: Genu of mandible and hyoid bone Elevate hyoid bone - swallowing
95
What does the Stylohyoid muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone Insertion: hyoid bone Elevate hyoid bone - swallowing
96
What does the mylohyoid muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: body of right and left mandible Insertion: midline raphe Elevate hyoid bone - swallowing
97
What does the sternohyoid muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: posterior sternum Insertion: hyoid bone Depress hyoid bone
98
What does the sternothyroid muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: posterior sternum Insertion: thyroid cartilage Depress hyoid bone
99
What does the thyrohyoid muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: thyroid cartilage Insertion: hyoid bone Depress hyoid bone
100
What does the omohyoid muscle do and list origin - insertion? Point to it!!
Origin: superior scapula Insertion: hyoid bone Depress hyoid bone
101
Point to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Runs obliquely between the sternum proximal clavicle in mastoid process
102
What happens in unilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Results in contralateral rotation and ipsilateral side bending BECAUSE IS OBLIQUE!!
103
What happens in bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Results in flexion of neck
104
What bone sits on top of the atlas - what movement can be done by this joint?
The occipital condyle of the occipital bone Flexion and extension of the neck
105
Which joint of the head and neck is specialized in rotation?
Atlanto-axial joint
106
List the four suboccipital muscles and point to them - functions
1. Rectus capitis posterior minor 2. Rectus capitis posterior Major 3. Obliquus capitis superior 4. Obliquus capitis inferior Extend and flex neck, but focus on proprioception
107
What triangle is built by the suboccipital muscles and what artery goes to them?
The suboccipital triangle and the vertebral artery go through it
108
Where is the central piriform recess marking located?
Anterior part of the face and marks the opening of the nasal cavity
109
Point the lacrimal bone
110
Which two bones make the nasal septum - Point to it!!
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer
111
Point to the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
112
Point to the frontal process of the maxilla
113
What does nasal cartilages do?
Give the nose its typical shape and resiliency
114
Name the six bones that make the nasal cavities - point to them
1. Superior concha, ethmoid bone 2. Middle concha, ethmoid bone 3. Inferior contra, separate bone 4. Maxilla 5. Palatine bone 6. Sphenoid bone
115
What does nasal septum separates? what does it fuses with? list its parts and point to them!
Separate right left nasal cavities Fuses with the hard palate 1. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid 2. septal cartilage 3. vomer
116
What is the superior contract covered with and why is it important?
Covered with mucosa - warms up air - creates turbination of air = prevents things to go in and make them attach to the mucosa
117
What is fixed in rhinoplasty?
The nasal cartilages and the bones
118
What causes a deviated nasal septum?
development or trauma, and it can impede airflow in predisposed to congestion
119
Name the 3 air sinuses - point to them
1. Frontal sinus 2. Sphenoid sinus 3. Maxillary sinus
120
Why do we have air sinuses
Make head less heavy -bone has metabolic demands so - bone didn't grow where it was not needed = hollow - but make us prone to infections
121
What connect the nasopharynx with the nasal cavity - point to it
The choana
122
Point to the superior, middle and inferior meatus - what do they correspond to
They correspond to the the conchae underneath
123
Point to the sphenoethmoidal recess
124
Where does the auditory tube drain to ?
The nasopharynx
125
Where does the sphenoid sinus empties to? point to it
Sphenoid sinus --> Sphenoethmoidal recess
126
Where do the Posterior ethmoid air cells empty to? point to it
Posterior ethmoid air cells --> superior meatus
127
Where do the anterior and middle ethmoid air cells empty to? point to it
anterior and middle ethmoid air cells --> ethmoid bulla--> middle meatus
128
Where do the frontal and maxillary sinuses empty to? point to it
frontal and maxillary sinuses --> semilunar hiatus --> middle meatus
129
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to? point to it
nasolacrimal duct --> inferior meatus
130
Where does the opening of auditory tube drain to? point to it
opening of auditory tube --> nasopharynx
131
Why is the maxillary sinus a frequent site of infection = sinusitis?
Because it drains to the hiatus semilunaris with a superior-oblique angle = hard to drain
132
Why is the auditory tube and middle ear prone to infection?
Because they drain into the nasopharynx
133
Why are children more prone to middle ear infections? what happens if untreated?
Children's auditory tube = is more horizontal = hard to drain compared to adults Infection can spread to air cells at mastoid process = mastoiditis --> meningitis and CNS infection
134
What do lacrimal glans release and why?
Lacrimal fluid = moistens cornea and conjuntiva
135
What is the flow of lacrimal production?
136
Name the 3 salivary glands and point to them
1. Parotid glands - point to parotid gland duct 2. Submandibular glands 3. Sublingual glands
137
Which is the largest salivary gland? What kind of fluid does it release ? Where does its duct drains through?
The parotid gland -Watery secretion -Through the cheek
138
Which salivary produces a combination of aqueous and mucus secretion? Where does it run and drains to?
Submandibular gland -Runs between gums and base of the tongue draining to the lower incisor teeth
139
How much saliva is produced each day?
1.2 L
140
What are the functions of saliva?
moistens food and oral mucosa = help swallowing
141
What are sialoliths?
form in the glands or salivary ducts - blocking them may result in demineralization Radiation decreases or eliminates saliva production
142
Where is the thyroid gland located?
anterior to trachea below cricoid cartilage Releases thyroid homone
143
Where are the parathyroid gland located?
posteriorly of thyroid - 4 in total
144
Which gland increases calcium in serum?
Parathyroid
145
Which gland reduces calcium in serum?
Thyroid gland

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions