Head/face/neck

Question 1

What glands are accessible to examine?

Answer 1

sublingual and submandibular

Question 2

What gland are on the cheeks and over the mandible?

Answer 2

Parotid

Question 3

How can you assess the thyroid?

Answer 3

Palpating-
Tilt pt’s head back
Inspect the neck when they swallow
Auscultation-
Using the bell side of your stheoscope and listen for a presence of a bruit (whooshing,blowing sound) when gland is enlarged

Question 4

When would you auscultate the thyroid gland?

Answer 4

When it is enlarged

Question 5

Types of thyroid diseases

Answer 5

Grave’s diseases- hyperthyroidism, increased thyroid hormones
Myxedema-hypothyroidism, low amount of thyroid hormones

Question 6

Correct way for assessing the lymph nodes

Answer 6

Using circular motion with your fingers, palpate the nodes, using gentle pressure

Question 7

Lympathic drainage patterns

Answer 7

When enlarged, check the area they drain for the source of the problem. Check upstream to the enlarged node

Question 8

Abnormal findings in the lymph nodes

Answer 8

parotid is swollen with mumps( enlargement has been associated with AIDS)
Lymphadenopathy- enlargement of lymph nodes from infection, allergy, or neoplasm

Acute infection- nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, and firm, but freely moveable
Chronic infection- nodes are clumped
Cancerous-hard(like a rock), >3cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, and fixed to adjacent structures
Nodes w/HIV- enlarged, firm, nontender, hard left supraclavicular node my indicate neoplasm
Hodgkin lymphoma- painless, rubbery, discrete that gradually appear

Question 9

Preauricular

Answer 9

Front of the ear

Question 10

Posterior auricular

Answer 10

Superficial to the mastoid process

Question 11

Occipital

Answer 11

At the base of the skull

Question 12

Submental

Answer 12

Midline, behind the tip of the mandible

Question 13

Submandibular

Answer 13

Halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible

Question 14

Jugulodigastic

Answer 14

Under the angle of the mandible

Question 15

Superficial cervical

Answer 15

Overlaying the sternomastoid muscle

Question 16

Deep cervical

Answer 16

Deep under the sternomastoid muscle

Question 17

Posterior cervical

Answer 17

In the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle

Question 18

Supraclavicular

Answer 18

Just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle

Question 19

What is a development consideration at birth for infants

Answer 19

The head is larger than the chest circumference, and the neonate’s skull bones are separated by sutures and fontanels

Question 20

Development considerations for the lymphoid tissue

Answer 20

Well developed at birth
Grows to adult size at 6
At age 10-11, lymph tissue exceeds adult sizes and then atrophies

Question 21

Development considerations for pregnancy with the thyroid

Answer 21

Thyroid glands enlarges as a result of hyperplasia of the tissue and increased vascularity

Question 22

Development considerations for aging adults

Answer 22

The facial bones and orbits appear more prominent as the facial skin sags due to decreased elasticity, moisture, and subcutaneous fat.

Question 23

How to get subjective data?

Answer 23

Ask questions that investigate headaches, head injuries, dizziness, neck pain, limited ROM, numbness, tingling, diffuiculting swallowing,, history of smoking, history of surgeries,

In children: ask if mother used etoch, drugs, natural/c section birth, if babies growth was on schedule

Aging adults: dizziness, ability to drive, and sleep

Question 24

How to get objective data

Answer 24

Inspecting, palpating, listening/ausculting

Question 25

When inspecting the head what should appear normal

Answer 25

Eyes, eyebrows, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as the palpebral fissures, and the nasolabial folds

Question 26

Caput succedaneum

Answer 26

Edematous swelling of the presenting part of the head caused by birth trauma. It feels soft and may extend across suture lines but requires no treatment and gradually resolves in a few days

Question 27

Cephalhematoma

Answer 27

A subperiosteal hemorrhage that is soft, fluctuating, and well defined over one cranial bone b/c the periosteum holds the bleeding in place. Due to birth trauma and is reabsorbed gradually, over time, without treatment

Question 28

Tonic neck reflex

Answer 28

occurs when an infant is supine; the head is turned to one side (extension of same arm and leg, flexion of opposite arm and leg). After ages 3-4 months, the head os maintained in the midline

Question 29

Down syndrome facial characteristics

Answer 29

Upslanting eyes with inner epicanthic folds, flat nasal bridge, small broad flat nose, protruding thick tongue, ear dysplasia, short broad neck with webbing, and small hands with single palmer crease