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Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the skull

A
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2
Q

Identify the 3 main skull sutures

A
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3
Q

At what age do the anterior and posterior fontanelles close?

A

Anterior- 9-18 months

Posterior- 1-2 months

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4
Q

What are the three levels in the floor of the skull?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior fossa

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5
Q

Identify the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

A
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6
Q

identify the palatine bones

A
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7
Q

Identify the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

A
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8
Q

name the structures that pass through foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord, left & right vertebral artery, spinal arteries, spinal part of accessory nerve

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9
Q

Identify all of the following sinuses

A
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10
Q

Name the bones of the inner ear from most superficial to deep

A

Malleus (in contact with eardrum), incus, stapes (in contact with oval window)

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11
Q

What are the inner ear bones collectively known as?

A

Ear ossicles

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12
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the face

A
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13
Q

Which artery do the superficial temporal artery and the facial artery branch from?

A

External carotid

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13
Q

Which artery do the superficial temporal artery and the facial artery branch from?

A

External carotid

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14
Q

Name the vessels that can result in infection tracking from the scalp into the intracranial space

A

Emissary veins

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15
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

A

CNVII (facial nerve)

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16
Q

Name the muscles of facial expression and their function

A

Obicularis orbis- Closes mouth and puckers lips
Obicularis oculi- blinking and squinting
Buccinator- Presses cheek against molars & resists distension when blowing out
Platysma- Draws corners of mouth down
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis- retracts scalp
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis- elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

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17
Q

Name the functions of the facial nerve

A

F- facial expression
A- anterior 2/3 of tongue (taste- chords tympani)
S- Salivary gland (splits parotid into deep and superficial lobes)
T- Tears

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18
Q

Name the terminal branches of the facial nerve

A 
To- temporal 
Zanzibar- Zygomatic 
By- Buccal 
Motor- Mandibular 
Car- cervical
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19
Q

Name the blood vessel which splits within the parotid gland and name its branches

A

External carotid divides within parotid to give the maxillary and superficial temporal artey

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20
Q

Identify the artery

A

The facial artery

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21
Q

Name the Arteries from which the carotid arteries arise

A

RHS- Carotid arises from brachiocephalic trunk

LHS- Carotid arises from Aortic arch

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22
Q

Name the structures contained within the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery, jugular nerve, vagus nerve

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23
Q

Which vein drains the face and neck?

A

External jugular

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24
Q

name the parts of the hyoid bone

A
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25
Q

Name the muscles of the neck

A
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26
Q

What are the root values of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

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26
Q

What are the root values of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

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27
Q

what are the root vales of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3-5

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28
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

A loop of nerves from C1-3 innervating the neck

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29
Q

name the three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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30
Q

Where does the eustation tube open into?

A

nasopharynx

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31
Q

Which bones make up the hard palate/

A

Palatine bones and maxilla

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32
Q

Name the bones that make up the nasal septum

A

Vomer & perpendicular plate of ethmoid (plus cartilage!)

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33
Q

Which bone is the cribiform plate part of?

A

Ethmoid

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34
Q

Which bone are the superior and middle concha/turbinates formed from?

A

Ethmoid bone

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35
Q

Where would the sphenoethmoidal recess be located?

A

Superior to the superior concha

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36
Q

What are the spaces between the concha called?

A

Meatuses

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37
Q

What is the function of the paranasal air sinuses?

A

Lighten the head, support immunity, humidify air & increase resonance of voice

38
Q

Name the structures which opens into the superior meatus

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells (anterior and middle open into middle meatus)

39
Q

Which sinus has a “bubbly” appearance?

A

Ethmoid air cells!

40
Q

Name the structures that open into the middle meatus

A

Maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, anterior & middle ethmoid air cells

41
Q

Name the structure which opens into the inferior meatus

A

nasolacrimal duct

42
Q

name the structure that opens into the nasopharynx

A

Eustatian tube

43
Q

What is the function of the eustation tube?

A

equalize the intratympanic air pressure with the pressure in the external auditory canal.
Removes secretion and epithelial debris from the middle ear by ciliary motion and gravity.

44
Q

name the parts of the mandible

A
45
Q

What type of joint is the temporal-mandibular joint?

A

Synovial hinge

46
Q

Name the range of movements of the TMJ

A

Opening, closing, protrusion, retrusion, side to side

47
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

V3 (trigeminal V3)

48
Q

Name the muscles of mastication (4)

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Lateral pterygoid
  4. Medial pterygoid
49
Q

name the structure that divides the tongue into the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

A

vallate line

50
Q

What is the name of the foramen which closes before birth (in most people), sealing off the thyroglossal duct

A

Foramen caecum

51
Q

What happens if the foramen caecum does not close before birth?

A

A thyroglossal cyst can form as debris can enter he thyroglossal canal

52
Q

Name the different papillae found on the tongue

A
  1. Filiform (these papillae acts as a covering for the tongue)
  2. Fungiform (each papillae contains a small number of taste buds)
  3. Circumvalate (each papillae contains hundreds of taste buds)
53
Q

Describe roughly where the different papillae are found

A
54
Q

What is the function of the lingual tonsil?

A

Lymphoid tissue- it is involved in immunity

55
Q

Describe the tongue’s sensory innervation

A

Anterior 2/3 = chord tympani (taste) and V3 (general sensation)
Posterior 1/3 = Glossopharyngeal (taste and general sensation)

56
Q

Name the nerve which supplies the muscles of the tongue

A

All of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except platoglossas which is innervated by the vagus nerve

57
Q

What is the name of the duct which connects the sublingual salivary gland to the outside world?

A

Wharton’s duct

58
Q

What is the name of the duct that connects the parotid gland to the outside world?

A

Stensen’s duct

59
Q

What is the name of the duct that connects the sublingual gland to the outside world?

A

ducts of Rivinus and the sublingual duct of Bartholin join into Wharton’s duct

60
Q

What separates the superior and deep aspects of the submandibular gland?

A

The mylohyoid muscle

61
Q

Where does Wharton’s duct open into the mouth?

A

Under the tongue on either side of the frenulum

62
Q

Is the submandibular gland serous, mucous or mixed?

A

Mixed

63
Q

Is the parotid gland serous, mucous or mixed?

A

Serous

64
Q

Is the sublingual gland serous, mucous or mixed?

A

mucous

65
Q

What is the nerve supply of each salivary gland?

A

Parotid = glossopharyngeal

Sublingual & submandibular = Vagus

66
Q

What structure forms “Adam’s apple?”

A

Laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage

67
Q

Which nerve supplies the vocal cords?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

68
Q

Name the collection of lymphoid tissue which protects the entrance to the oropharynx

A

The pharyngeal lymphoid ring

69
Q

Name the components of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring

A

Palatine tonsils, tubal tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, lingual tonsils

70
Q

On the image below, identify the palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch, palatine tonsil and uvula

A
71
Q

Identify the anatomy of the larynx on the image below

A
72
Q

Identify the membranes of the larynx

A
73
Q

name the different components of the larynx

A
74
Q

Identify the vocal folds, vestibular folds, epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, vocals muscle hyoid bone and trachea on the image below

A
75
Q

identify the parts of the eye the arrow are pointing at

A
76
Q

Name the structure that produces aqueous humour

A

Ciliary body

77
Q

Name the muscle that controls the eyelid

A

Levator palpabrae (CNIII)

78
Q

Name the movements facilitated by the superior rectus muscle

A

Elevtion, adduction & intention

79
Q

Name the movements facilitated by the inferior rectus muscles

A

Depression, adduction and extortion

80
Q

Name the movements facilitated by the superior oblique muscle

A

Depression, intuition and abduction

81
Q

Name the movements facilitated by the inferior oblique muscle

A

Elevation, abduction and extortion

82
Q

Which of the eye muscles is the only one which does NOT arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

A

Inferior oblique

83
Q

Name the ligament which prevents over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye

A

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood

84
Q

Explain how the lens is able to change shape

A

Ciliary muscles contract causing suspensory muscles (which link the ciliary muscle to the lens) to be pulled. This in turn pulls on the lens causing it to flatten

85
Q

What structure controls the diameter of the pupil

A

The iris (made of smooth muscle)

86
Q

What is the arterial supply of the eye?

A

The ophthalmic artery

87
Q

Which nerves control the lacrimal apparatus

A 
Sensory = Lacrimal nerve (branch of trigeminal)
Parasympathetic = Petrosal Nerve (branch of facial)
Sympathetic = Nerves from superior cervical ganglion
88
Q

Identify the: Helix of auricle, antielix, lobule, antitragus, tragus and external auditory meatus

A
89
Q

On the eardrum below, identify the posterior malleolar fold, pars tense, handle of malleus & cone of light

A
90
Q

Name the two muscles involved in the inner ear and state their functions

A

Tensor Tympani -pulls the malleus away from the tympanic membrane in order to protect the ear from loud noises

Stapedius- controls the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear by moving the stapes bone away from the oval window

91
Q

Which bone houses the inner ear

A

petrous part of temporal bone

92
Q

What is the name of the fluid found within the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymph

93
Q

What is the name of the fluid found within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph

94
Q

What is the embryological origin of the neck?

A

5 pharyngeal arches

95
Q

What does the face develop from in embryological life?

A

1x frontonasal proces forms lateral aspect of nose
2x maxillary processes form the cheeks
2x mandibular processes form chin

Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) (16 decks)

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