Head & Neck

Question 1

Aural Hematoma: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 1

Dogs> Cats

Question 2

Aural Hematoma: Cx

Answer 2

Head shaking; Enlarged and inflammed ear

Question 3

Aural Hematoma: Common presentation

Answer 3

Dogs shaking their heads; Have an underlying condition

Question 4

Aural Hematoma: etiology

Answer 4

Inflammation causes skin to separate from cartilage; blood accumulates in cavity; fibrosis

Question 5

Aural Hematoma: Dx

Answer 5

C/S and apperance

Question 6

Aural Hematoma: Treatment

Answer 6

Treat underlying condition - atopy, otitis; Sx cx: Serpentine cut of partial thickness and staggered sutures

Question 7

Aural Hematoma: Prognosis

Answer 7

Mostly resolves

Question 8

Inflammatory polyp: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 8

Cats > Dogs

Question 9

Inflammatory polyp: Cx

Answer 9

Head shaking; Otitis externa; Otitis media; Nasal discharge; Snoring (stertor); Reverse sneezing; Sneezing

Question 10

Inflammatory polyp: Common presentation

Answer 10

Young cats (1.5 yo average); Horner’s Syndrome; Vestibular disease; Chronic otitis media

Question 11

Inflammatory polyp: Classic lesion

Answer 11

Pedunculated: non-neoplastic mass in ear canal and nasopharynx; must check to see w/ tympanium; Nasopharyngeal polyp: Soft palate

Question 12

Inflammatory polyp: Dx

Answer 12

Imaging: CT; Endoscope; Histopath

Question 13

Inflammatory polyp: Treatment

Answer 13

Simple traction/avulsion + NSAIDs; Open SX removal via ventral bullae osteotomy (Cats have a mid-ear septum that you need to break; you don’t fuck around with the external ear)

Question 14

Inflammatory polyp: Complications

Answer 14

Horner’s Syndrome; Vestibular disease; Deafness; Wound drainage/hemorrhage; Vasoglossal nerve damage; Chronic otitis media

Question 15

End Stage Otitis Externa: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 15

Dog > Cats

Question 16

End Stage Otitis Externa: Cx

Answer 16

External ear hyperplastic, mineralized and stenotic; +/- discharge; Animal feels pain upon opening mouth; Check all LNs

Question 17

End Stage Otitis Externa: Common presentation

Answer 17

Dog with chronic ear infection

Question 18

End Stage Otitis Externa: Classic lesion

Answer 18

Bulla can change and inflammation can affect the TMJ; Chronic infection could transform into neoplasia

Question 19

End Stage Otitis Externa: Dx

Answer 19

Allaergy assessment; Neoplasia staging; FNA; Head CT

Question 20

End Stage Otitis Externa: Treatment

Answer 20

Zepp; Vertical Canal Ablation; TECA-BO (Sx of choice)

Question 21

End Stage Otitis Externa: Prognosis and complication

Answer 21

Zepp (Ongoing otitis externa; lack of patency); Vertical Canal Ablation (stenosis, infection, dehisce); TECA-BO (recurrent deep infection)

Question 22

Zepp

Answer 22

Removes small tumor in the horizontal canal

Question 23

Vertical Canal Ablation

Answer 23

Use to treat disease located exclusively in vertical canal (need imaging)

Question 24

TECA-BO (Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bullae Osteotomy)

Answer 24

Surgery of choice; Used for irreversible ear disease or severe compromise of the ear canal; extremely painful so pre, peri and post-op pain management is essential

Question 25

Sialocele: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 25

Dogs > Cats

Question 26

Sialocele: Cx

Answer 26

Swelling in the cranioventral cervical region; Acute or chronic onset

Question 27

Sialocele: Common presentation

Answer 27

Daschunds commonly develop Sialoceles

Question 28

Sialocele: Classic lesion location

Answer 28

Zygomatic; Submandibular (most common) either a Ranula or Pharyngeal Sialocele; Sublingual => Trauma; Neoplasia or Sialoliths can lead to blockage and accumulation of fluid

Question 29

Sialocele: Dx

Answer 29

FNA (Saliva consistency --> highly diagnostic)

Question 30

Sialocele: Treatment

Answer 30

Drainage (just drainage can lead to an abscess) and Sx excision; For pharyngeal sialoceles, lance or marsupialize

Question 31

Sialocele: Prognosis and complication

Answer 31

100% recovery with surgical removal

Question 32

Ranula

Answer 32

Blocked salivary gland duct leads to formation of cystic structure under the tongue

Question 33

Pharyngeal sialocele

Answer 33

Accumulation of saliva in the submandibular gland

Question 34

Sialoecel: Treatment complications

Answer 34

Seroma (dead space); Potential infection if not all tissue is removed; Sublingual swelling

Question 35

Palate defects: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 35

Both

Question 36

Palate defects: Cx

Answer 36

Coughing; Gagging; Nasal discharge; Can't suckle well; Unthrifty

Question 37

Palate defects: Common presentation

Answer 37

Puppy or kitten that is unthrifty and not suckling well (can ba acquired)

Question 38

Palate defects: Classic lesion

Answer 38

Space between the two halves of the hard palate

Question 39

Palate defects: Dx

Answer 39

Oral exam

Question 40

Palate defects: Treatment

Answer 40

If congenital, wait 3-4 mo; if acquired, wait until injury mainfests; Sx correction: use a flap (e.g. overlapping flap; bipedicle flap) of well-vascularized tissue + no tension

Question 41

Palate defects: Prognosis and complication

Answer 41

Prognosis is good with treatment

Question 42

Oral-nasal fistula: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 42

Both

Question 43

Oral-nasal fistula: Cx

Answer 43

Ongoing rhinitis; Oronasal infections

Question 44

Oral-nasal fistula: Common presentation

Answer 44

N/A

Question 45

Oral-nasal fistula: etiology

Answer 45

Bad extraction of maxillary canines; appears weeks later

Question 46

Oral-nasal fistula: Dx

Answer 46

N/A

Question 47

Oral-nasal fistula: Treatment

Answer 47

Lavage and close

Question 48

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 48

Cats

Question 49

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Cx

Answer 49

Benign thyroid enlargement; Polyphagia; Weight loss; PUPD; Activity and restlessness; GI Distress

Question 50

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Common presentation

Answer 50

Older meow meow

Question 51

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Classic lesion

Answer 51

Heart (HCM) and kidneys (renal disease) most impacted;

Question 52

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Dx

Answer 52

Based on c/s, bloodwork, and can do imaging of thyroid area

Question 53

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Treatment

Answer 53

Radioactive iodine; Methimazole; Thyroid diet

Question 54

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Prognosis and complication

Answer 54

Good if properly treated and controlled

Question 55

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 55

Dogs

Question 56

Canine Thyroid Tumor: lesion

Answer 56

Firm ventral, cervical mass (maligannt thooo) +/- bilateral

Question 57

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Common presentation

Answer 57

Older dawgs

Question 58

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Classic lesion

Answer 58

Locally invasive, typically malignant neoplasia

Question 59

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Dx

Answer 59

Biopsy (not tru-cut or keyhole); FNA; Advanced imaging (CT, MRI)

Question 60

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Treatment

Answer 60

Unilateral Sx excision of affected thyroid;

Question 61

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Prognosis and complication

Answer 61

Hypothyroidism; Laryngeal Paralysis; Megaesophagus; Greater mass mobility suggest a better prognosis; Benign mass = better prognosis

Question 62

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Cats or dogs or both

Answer 62

Dogs

Question 63

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Cx

Answer 63

Hematuria; Stranguria; Pollakuria

Question 64

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Common presentation

Answer 64

Dog presents w/ urinary straining;

Question 65

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Classic lesion

Answer 65

N/A

Question 66

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Dx

Answer 66

CBC, Chem and UA: Elevated Ca and calcium oxalate +/- UTI; Elevated nized calcium, elevated PTH; US to identify nodules

Question 67

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Treatment

Answer 67

Sx excision of nodes;

Question 68

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Prognosis and complication

Answer 68

Monitor for hypocalcemia; Excellent prognosis overall