Head & Neck Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Describe the mandible
A
U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw
2
Q
Describe the maxilla
A
2 bones that form upper jaw and are connected in the median plane
3
Q
Describe the zygomatic
A
- Form the prominences of the cheek
- Rests on maxilla
4
Q
Describe the nasal bone
A
Divides nasal cavity into left and right on the outside of the nose
5
Q
Describe the nasal concha
A
Curved, bony plates on the lateral wall of each nasal cavity
6
Q
Describe the lacrimal
A
Small bone that separates nasal cavity on the inside
7
Q
Describe the ethmoid
A
Small bone in between eyes that when viewed from the top has a lot of dots on it
8
Q
Describe the sphenoid
A
- Has edges on frontal, temporal, and parietal bones
- Lies just above zygomatic
9
Q
Describe the palatine
A
Near back of palate covering space between left and right posterior molars
10
Q
Describe the vomer
A
Thin, flat bone that forms a part of the bony nasal septum
11
Q
What are the 3 major sutures?
A
1) Coronal
2) Sagittal
3) Lamoid
12
Q
What are the 5 main foramina at the base of the skull?
A
1) Cribiform
2) Optic canal
3) Carotid
4) Internal acoustic meatus
5) Jugular foramen
13
Q
Is the cribiform foramen in the anterior or posterior skull?
A
Anterior
14
Q
Is the jugular foramen in the anterior or posterior foramen?
A
Posterior
15
Q
What is the main function of sinuses?
A
Filled with air to lighten the skull and decrease the amount of mass on the face
16
Q
Describe the location of the frontal sinus
A
Between inner and outer tables of the frontal bone (above eyes)
17
Q
Describe the location of the sphenoid sinus
A
Occupy body of sphenoid bone (bridge of nose)
18
Q
Describe the location of the ethmoidal cells/sinus
A
- Between nasal cavity and orbit
- More medial than sphenoid sinus
19
Q
Describe the location of the maxillary sinus
A
Largest sinus; occupies bodies of the maxillae (covers both cheeks)
20
Q
What are the 4 facial muscles?
A
1) Orbicularis oculi
2) Orbicularis oris
3) Buccinator
4) Frontalis
21
Q
What are 2 functions of the orbicularis oculi?
A
- Close eyelids
- Assist flow of tears
22
Q
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
A
Sphincter of the mouth
23
Q
What is the function of the buccinator?
A
- Keeps cheeks taut
- Active in smiling, sucking, whistling, and blowing
24
Q
What is the function of the frontalis muscle?
A
Muscle of forehead
25
What are the facial muscles innervated by?
Facial nerve (motor) and trigeminal nerve (sensory)
26
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
1) Temporalis
2) Masseter
3) Lateral pterygoid
4) Medial pterygoid
27
What is the function of the masseter?
Elevates mandible
28
Describe the temporalis
Triangular muscles which elevates mandible
29
Describe the appearance of the masseter
Covers each side of mandible
30
Describe the appearance of the lateral pterygoid
Triangular, horizontal muscle on inside of mandible
31
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?
Protracts mandible and depresses chin
32
Describe the appearance of the medial pterygoid
Quadrangular, vertical muscle below lateral pterygoid
33
What is the function of the medial pterygoid?
Works with masseter to elevate mandible
34
What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?
Mandibular nerve branch of trigeminal nerve
35
What innervates the infratemporal fossa?
Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
36
Describe the hard palate
- Anterior concave 2/3 of the palate
| - Filled with tongue when it is at rest
37
Describe the soft palate
Movable posterior 1/3 of the palate
38
How many primary teeth are there?
20
39
How many permanent teeth are there?
32
40
Define dentition
The development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth
41
What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?
Alter position of tongue (stick tongue out and bring it back in)
42
What is the major muscle responsible for sticking out the tongue?
Genioglossus
43
What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?
Alter shape of tongue / actions of tongue (ex: rolling)
44
What nerves innervate the tongue?
- Trigeminal
- Facial
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
45
What 5 musculoskeletal structures make up the cervical vertebrae of the neck?
- Sternohyoid
- Clavicle
- Trapezius
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Digastric
46
What are the 2 important superior boundaries of the neck?
1) Mandible
| 2) Superior nuchal line of occipital bone
47
What are the 3 important inferior boundaries of the neck?
1) Clavicle
2) T1 vertebra
3) 1st rib
48
What is the most important fascia layer of the neck?
Carotid sheath
49
What are the 3 main structures that are contained in the carotid sheath?
1) Vagus nerve
2) Common carotid artery
3) Internal jugular vein
50
What are 4 important functions of the vagus nerve?
1) Innervate muscles of larynx
2) Speech
3) Maintaining airways
4) Movement of vocal cords
51
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
- Inferior border of mandible
- Anterior border of sternocleidomastiod
- Midline of neck
52
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
- Clavicle
- Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- Anterior border of trapezius
53
What are 5 major structures located within the anterior triangle?
1) Thyroid gland
2) Larynx & trachea
3) Internal jugular vein
4) Common carotid artery
5) Vagus nerve
54
What are 3 major structures located within the posterior triangle?
1) External jugular vein
2) Spinal accessory nerve
3) Cervical lymph node
55
What are the 3 anatomical sections of the pharynx and what do they function as?
1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx
- Function as air and food pathway
56
What are the 4 cartilaginous components of the larynx?
1) Thyroid
2) Cricoid
3) Epiglottic
4) Arytenoid
57
What is the function of the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?
Abducts vocal folds and maintains airways
58
What is the basic function of the muscles of the larynx?
- Act on vocal cords; change pitch and generate pitch
| - Tense and relax vocal ligament
59
What is the location of the thyroid gland?
Middle of neck, just above clavicle and surrounding trachea
60
What is the shape of the thyroid gland?
H-shaped
61
Where does the blood supply to the thyroid gland come from?
External carotid artery
62
Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Begins at left vagus nerve, up through thyroid, crosses midline just below larynx, descends thyroid, and finally connects to right vagus nerve
63
What is the outer ear section composed of?
Auricle and external acoustic meatus
64
What separates the external and middle ear?
Tympanic membrane
65
What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
Pharyngotympanic tube
66
What is the function of the auricle?
Collects sound
67
What is the function of the external acoustic meatus?
Conducts sound to tympanic membrane
68
What is the middle ear section composed of?
Ossicles and tympanic membrane
69
What are the 3 ossicles?
1) Malleus
2) Incus
3) Stapes
70
What is the inner ear section composed of?
Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, oval window, and round window
71
What is the function of the malleus?
Transmits sound from tympanic membrane to inner ear
72
What is the function of the incus?
Takes vibrations from malleus and conveys them to stapes
73
What is the function of the stapes?
Transmits sound vibrations from incus to oval window
74
What nerve is found in the internal acoustic meatus?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
75
What is the cochlea?
Shell-shaped cavity of bony labyrinth
76
What is found within each semicircular duct?
Crista (sensory epithelium) within ampulla
77
What does the kinetic labyrinth detect?
Rotation of head
78
What are the 2 otolith organes?
Saccule and utricle
79
What does the saccule detect?
Horizontal and vertical acceleration
80
What does the utricle detect?
Linear acceleration when head is not actually moving (ex: elevator)
81
What 4 structures are found in the anterior compartment of the eye?
1) Cornea
2) Pupil
3) Lens
4) Iris
82
What 3 structures are found in the posterior compartment of the eye?
1) Retina
2) Fovea
3) Optic nerve
83
What is the function of the anterior compartment of the eye?
Receive and control entry of light into eye
84
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the eye?
Receive and respond to signals
85
What is the function of the ciliary muscle in the accomodation process of the lens?
Parasym of oculomotor nerve
86
What are the 2 basic photoreceptors in the retina?
1) Rods
| 2) Cones
87
What is found in the macula densa?
Thinnest, highest concentration of photoreceptors
88
What is the optic disc?
Where optic nerve forms and leaves
89
What does the athymic artery do in the optic disc?
Distribute blood
90
What are the 4 important structures of the central visual pathway?
- Front anterior to posterior brain
1) Optic nerve
2) Optic chiasm
3) Optic tract
4) Visual cortex
91
Describe the location of inferior oblique
Wrapped around bottom half eye
92
What is the function of the inferior oblique?
Extorsion -- adduction, elevation and lateral rotation of eyeball
93
What is the innervation of the inferior oblique?
Oculomotor nerve
94
Describe the location of the superior oblique
Originates from upper, medial side of eyeball (beside the nose)
95
What is the function of the superior oblique?
Intorsion -- abduction, depression, and medial rotation of eyeball
96
What is the innervation of the superior oblique?
Trochlear nerve
97
Describe the location of the superior rectus
Begins at top of eye
98
What is the function of the superior rectus?
Intorsion -- abduction, depression, and medial rotation of eyeball
99
What is the innervation of the superior rectus?
Oculomotor nerve
100
Describe the location of the inferior rectus
Begins at bottom of eye
101
What is the function of the inferior rectus?
Extorsion -- adduction, elevation and lateral rotation of eyeball
102
What is the innervation of the inferior rectus?
Oculomotor nerve
103
Describe the location of the medial rectus
Begins on medial side of eyeball
104
What is the function of the medial rectus?
Eyeball adduction
105
What is the innervation of the medial rectus?
Oculomotor nerve
106
Describe the location of the lateral rectus
Begins on lateral side of eyeball
107
What is the function of the lateral rectus?
Eyeball abduction
108
What is the innervation of the lateral rectus?
Abducent nerve
109
Describe the location of the levator palpebrae superioris
Begins in upper eyelid
110
What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevation of superior eyelid
111
What is the innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Oculomotor nerve
