Head/Neck Dev't. Flashcards
(38 cards)
Describe the Treacher-Collins Syndrome.
This is caused by a defect in the first pharyngeal arch where somites of the paraxial mesoderm in this region do not complete the formation of associated facial structures.
What are the muscles of the 1st pharyngeal arch derivatives in an adult?
Muscles of mastication: Temporalis, Masseter, Medial and Lateral Pterygoids; Mylohyoid, Anterior Digastric, Tensor Tympani, Tensor Veli Palatini “MATT”
What is the blood supply and the cranial innervation for the muscles of the 1st pharyngeal arch?
Blood supply: Maxillary Artery
Innervation: CN V-3 Mandibular division
What are the muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch in an adult? What are they innervated by?
Muscles of facial expression, Posterior digastrics, Stylohyoid, Stapedius “SPS”;
CN VII, Facial Nerve
What muscle is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch and what is it innervated by?
Stylopharyngeus muscle lies below the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), which it is innervated by.
What are the muscles of the 4th pharyngeal arch and what are they innervated by?
Soft palate muscles (except tensor), Cricothyroid, Pharyngeal muscles; Innervated by the Superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)
What are the muscles derived from the 6th pharyngeal arch and what are they innervation by?
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid), esophageal muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X).
The aortic arch arteries of the 3 pharyngeal arch are the _________ and ________ ________ arteries. This is associated with the _________ nerve within that arch.
Common and internal carotid arteries. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
There are 5 pharyngeal arches numbered: _______. There are ___ pharyngeal clefts which are invaginations of _________ around the pharynx.
pharyngeal arches: 1,2,3,4 and 6;
Clefts are invaginations of Ectoderm
Define the oropharyngeal membrane.
This is the place where the ectoderm and mesoderm meet at the stomodeum (future mouth). This disintegrates in embryologic development to form the lumen for a continuous GI tract.
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue has general sensation relayed through the ___________ nerve (V-3); whereas, special (taste) sensation is relayed through the _____________.
Lingual nerve (V-3); Chorda tympani (VII)
The posterior 1/3 of the tongue has its general sensation of the mucosa innervated by the __________; while the taste sensation is innervated by _________ and some _______.
CN IX;
CN IX and some CN X
Define Mesenchyme bumps.
These are structures that underlying the endoderm of the ventral midline-pharyngeal wall. They proliferate during development.
Myoblasts migrate from the ____________ somitomeres within the _______ mesoderm to the developing tongue mesenchyme.
Occipital somitomeres;
Paraxial mesoderm
The thyroid gland originates from the 2nd arch within the ________ _______, but migrates down toward the 4th pouch where the ___________ glands lay.
Foramen cecum;
Parathyroid glands
Within the 1st arch related to the developing tongue, the 2 lateral lingual swellings must fuse, otherwise that person is born with __________.
Ankyloglossia where the tongue is tied since the frenulum is attached to the tip. The tongue has limited or no ability to protrude out of the mouth.
Rostral to the 1st arch is the ________ prominence. The mesoderm portion of the 1st arch forms the 2 _________ prominences and 2 _________ prominences.
Superior to 1st arch = Frontonasal prominence;
1st arch mesoderm = 2 maxillary + 2 mandibular prominences
The front nasal prominence is innervated by the _________ nerve. It consists of what embryonic structures?
CN V1 (ophthalmic division) innervates nose midline, superior line of nasal septum, lateral nasal folds and the frontal prominence (which forms the forehead and upper eyelids).
The maxillary prominence is innervated by the ________ nerve and forms what structures in the adult?
CN V2 which innervates the lower eyelid, upper cheeks and secondary palate (which forms the inferior nasal cavity) in the adult.
The mandibular prominence in the embryo is innervated by the _______ nerve and what adult structures?
CN V3 (mandibular division) which innervates the lower cheeks, mandible and lip.
The Hypopharyngeal eminence is formed at what two pharyngeal arches?
3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch.
In the development of the embryonic face what do the nasolacrimal groove and nasal placode pit form?
The nasolacrimal groove forms the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac. Meanwhile, the nasal placode pit, near the stomodeum, forms the oral and nasal epithelium.
The anterior portion of the hard palate, anterior to the incisive foramen is the _____ palate whereas the bony-soft, _____ palate is located posterior.
Primary palate is anterior to the incisive foramen, while the secondary palate is posterior to that.
The primary palate is derived from the ______ _____ prominences while the secondary palate is derived from the _______ ______. The nasal septum forms the _________ palate.
Medial nasal prominences;
Palatine shelves;
Definitive palate
