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Head/neck/eye Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Lingual thyroid nodule

A

Functioning thyroid tissue or a developmental cyst may occur anywhere along the path of descent, most commonly base of tongue

Symptoms:dysphagia, sore throat, dyspnea, dysphagia, tightness
**femalse

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2
Q

Branchial cleft cyst

A

“Gills” Lateral anterior aspect of neck or in parotid gland, contains thin, watery fluid and mucoid or gelatinous material, lined with squamous epithelium

3rd-5th decade of life

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3
Q

Cheilitis

A

Lips

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4
Q

Gingivitis

A

Gum

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5
Q

Gloss it’s

A

Tongue

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6
Q

Stomatitis

A

Oral mucosa

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7
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Beta hemolytic streptococci (strep pyogenes)

Damage to vascular endothelium by toxin, causes rash on skin and in oral mucosa

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8
Q

Scarlet fever signs and symptoms

A

Tongue has white coating
Hyperemic fungi form papillae project as small red knobs
Strawberry tongue
Sandpaper rash

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9
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Canker sore, focal immune dysfunction
Minor, major and herpetiform
Macrophages and mast cells

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10
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Reactive vascular lesion, tumor like, exuberant tissue response to localized irritation or trauma
Filled with vascular channels, fibroelastic connective tissue, inflammatory cells
*pregnancy
Exophytic, seen in gingiva, red in color, grey pseudo membranes over the surface, ulceration of the epithelium

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11
Q

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent angina)

A

Painful infection, ulceration, swelling, sloughing off of dead tissue from throat and mouth due to the spread of infection from gums, “trench mouth”
*fusiform bacillus, borrelia vincentii

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12
Q

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis signs and symptoms

A

Painful gums, profuse gum bleeding in response to any pressure or irritation, red and swollen gums, greyish film on the gums, crater-like ulcers between the teeth, young to middle aged adults

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13
Q

Ludwig angina

A

Cellulitis involving the fascial spaces between muscles and other structures of the posterior floor of the mouth that can compromise the airway
From odontogenic infection

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14
Q

Ludwig angina signs and symptoms

A

Sub axillary, sublingual, sub mental spaces
Board-like swelling of floor of mouth
Elevation of the tongue
Difficulty eating, swallowing, breathing, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea
Lead to glottal edema, asphyxiation

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15
Q

Diphtheria

A

Infection with corynebacterium diphtheriae
Patchy pseudo membrane
Begins on tonsils and pharynx, may involve soft palate, gingival or buccal mucosa

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16
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Most commonly from pulmonary disease
Irregular, painful ulcers commonly on the tongue
Caseating granulomatous lesions

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17
Q

Syphilis

A

Chancre of primary syphilis may form on the lips, tongue, or oropharyngealtrochessebhorriac mucosa
Followed by regional lymphadenitis and heals spontaneously
Secondary- mucocutaneous eruption, gray-white patches overlying the ulcerated surface
Tertiary- gummas on palate

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18
Q

Actinomycosis

A

Chronic bacterial disease, fungus-like features
Swelling of the mandible and usually painful
Exudate from draining sinus tracks often contain small, clinically visible yellowish-green calcified structures (sulfur granules)
Actinomycosis bovis and israelli, not contagious

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19
Q

Candidiasis

A

Mucosal and cutaneous conditions with a common etiology of Candida albicans (thrush)
Oral mucosa may be white, bright red, possible erosion of epithelium, may or may not wipe off

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20
Q

Cleft

A

Failure of fusion of facial structures in 7th week of embryonic life

Usually cleft upper lip

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21
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Mucosal condition that produces whiter than normal coloration of mucous membranes. Can’t be scraped off or classified as any other diagnosable disease

males >40, thickened keratin layer, chronic inflammatory cells in connective tissue

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22
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Chronic red mucosal patch, usually carcinoma or dysplasia
Asymptomatic red macule, well-demarcated, smooth, soft and velvety, disease of older men
Lack of keratin, thin atrophic epithelium covering the underlying microvasculature, chronic inflammatory cells

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23
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

White patches of the lateral borders of the tongue, found in latency stages of HIV patients, associated infection with Candida albicans and Epstein Barr virus
Positive correlation between depletion of peripheral CD4 cells and presence of hairy leukoplakia

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24
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasm, locally destructive growth and distant metastasis
Adult males, increased mitosis activity, keratin pearls, hyper chromatic nuclei, chronic inflammation

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25
Periodontal disease
Disorders of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth, leads to loss of supporting bone Adults, family history important Accumulation of bacteria under gingiva, tartar, bacteriodes gingivalis
26
Odontogenic cyst
Inflammatory, preceded by chronic peri apical granuloma and stimulation from rests of malassez
27
Dentigerous cyst
Surrounds crown of an impacted tooth Fluid accumulation between reduced enamel and enamel surface firm hard mass, usually asymptomatic and not visible
28
Ameloblastoma
Benign, locally aggressive neoplasm, *most common odontogenic tumor Slow growing, aggressive, causes facial deformities
29
Sialolithiasis
Calcifications stones occur in the ducts of salivary glands, submandibular, causes obstruction and inflammation
30
Parotitis
Ascent of bacteria from oral cavity when salivary flow is reduced, staph aureus
31
Epidemic parotitis
Mumps, acute viral disease that spreads with infected saliva
32
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Result of bacterial tonsillitis | May weaken the wall of the carotid artery, severe sore throat, odynophagia, deviation of soft palate, aspiration of pus
33
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Highly vascular neoplasm of Nasopharynx, bending but aggressive, males, nasal obstruction and hemorrhage
34
Keloid
Firm, smooth, tender proliferation of scar tissue, extends beyond borders of original injury
35
Hematoma
Localized mass of extravasated blood within the auricle- bruise Drained to prevent deformity
36
Relapsing polychondritis
Chronic inflammation, auto antibodies to cartilage, type 2 collagen and condroitin Auricular erythema and edema Painful
37
Otitis media
Bacterial infection of mucosally lined air containing spaces of temporal bone Oralia, aural pressure, decreased hearing, fever, erythema, TM buldge
38
Chronic otitis media
Caused by recurrent acute otitis media Perforation of the TM is usually present Purulent aural discharge Hearing loss
39
Cholesteatoma
Special variety of chronic otitis media, prolonged auditory tube dysfunction, negative middle ear pressure draws inward the upper flaccid portion of the TM Creates a sac, becomes chronically infected, erodes bone, destruction of nerves
40
Otosclerosis
Formation of new spongy bone about the stapes and oval window Progressive deafness, autosomal dominant
41
Meniere disease
Vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus triad | Less than 24 hours
42
Arcus senilis
White arc due to lipid deposition in the cornea
43
Band keratopathy
Opaque horizontal band across central cornea, from calcium or protein deposition Associated with hypercalcemia
44
Conjunctivitis
Any inflammatory process that involves the conjunctiva From : adenovirus, chlamydia, herpes simplex Adenovirus is extremely contagious
45
Bacterial conjunctivitis
In neonates, usually neisseria gonorrhoeae | Invasive and lead to rapid corneal perforation
46
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Lead to conjunctival scarring, lid derangement and ingrown eyelashes
47
Herpes simplex
Causes keratitis and corneal ulcerations Pain, photophobia, blurred vision, tearing, redness Intra nuclear inclusion bodies
48
Cataracts
Lens opacity, aging. Gradual progressive blurred vision
49
Presbyopia
Impairment of vision associated with again, near point of distinct vision becomes located farther from the eye
50
Myopia
Nearsightedness, light from the object focuses at some point in front of the retina because of a longer than usual diameter of the eye
51
Central retinal artery occlusion
Sudden profound monocular loss of vision, no pain or redness Pallid swelling of retina, cherry red spot at fovea, embroil Neurons susceptible to hypoxia Retinal ischemia leads to cotton wool patches
52
Central retinal vein occlusion
Sudden monocular loss of vision, no pain or redness | Wide spread retinal hemorrhages, retinal venous dilation and tortuosity, wool spots, optic disk swelling
53
Hypertensive retinopathy
Arteriolar narrowing, hemorrhages in retinal nerve fiber layer, exudates, cotton wool spots, micro aneurysms, flame hemorrhage, AV nicking (sclerosis within venous walls)
54
Diabetic retinopathy
Wool spots, capillary closure, microaneurysms, areas of nonperfusion, neovascularization which bleed easily and causes obscured vision
55
Diabetic iridopathy
Dobro vascular layer grows along anterior surface of iris, adhesions between iris and cornea and iris and lens, painful blindness from secondary glaucoma Lacy appearance, scattering of iris pigment
56
Diabetic cataracts
Snowflake cataracts, white needle shaped opacities in the lends, may lead to myopia
57
Retinitis pigmentosa
Heritable cause of blindness, progressive, degenerative, retinopathies with night blindness and constriction of peripheral visual fields, loss of photoreceptors and pigment accumulation within retina
58
Papilledema
Swollen optic disc, blurred margins and dilated vessels, hemorrhages, exudate so, cotton wool spots
59
Optic atrophy
Loss of axons in the nerve
60
Glaucoma
Increased intra ocular pressure with optic nerve damage, a cut or chronic
61
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Older age groups, Asian, acutely painful, red eye, blurred vision, abdominal pain, n/v, halos around lights, hard eye, hazy cornea, fixed mid dilated pupil
62
Primary open angle glaucoma
Blacks, more severe optic nerve damage
63
open angle glaucoma
Chronic, insidious progressive bilateral loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision
64
Blepharitis
Inflammation of eyelids Anterior- centered around eyelashes and follicles, burning itching and irritation of lids Posterior- meiboian glands
65
Blepharitis clinical features
Sandy, itchy eyes, red and/or swollen eyelids, crusty, flaky skin on eyelids, dandruff
66
Horde plum
Style, acute inflammatory focal lesion of eyelid, staph aureus Painful, erythematous, localized, purulent material from eyelash line (external)
67
Chalazaion
Granulomatous inflammation, painless swelling in the eyelid, sterile, meibomian gland becomes blocked
68
Xanthelasma
Yellow plaque of lipid containing macrophages, elevated plasma lipid levels
69
Exophthalmos
Bilateral, proptosis is unilateral, protrusion of the eyeball Optic nerve compression, cornea exposure and ulceration
70
Retinoblastoma
Malignant intra ocular tumor in children, autosomal dominant, chromosome 13, Rb tumor suppressor gene mutation Endophytic or exophytic
71
Retinoblastoma clinical features
Leukocoria (white color behind eye) Strabismus (bouncing of the eye) Persistent red irritation Differences in iris color, pupil color, tearing, proptosis

Patho (5 decks)

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