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Gross Anatomy > Head: Oral Cavity, Palate, and Tongue > Flashcards

Head: Oral Cavity, Palate, and Tongue Flashcards

(118 cards)

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1
Q

2 parts of the oral cavity

A
  • Oral cavity proper

- Oral vestibule: between teeth/gums and lips/cheek

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2
Q

Oral cavity contains

A
  • Teeth
  • Gingivae
  • Tongue
  • Palate: roof of oral cavity
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3
Q

Lips and cheeks are covered internally/externally by

A
  • Skin externally

- Mucous membrane internally

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4
Q

Lips contain

A
  • Orbicularis oris
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5
Q

Cheeks contain

A
  • Buccinators
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6
Q

Lips are

A
  • Transition between external skin and inner oral mucosa
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7
Q

Blood supply of the lips

A
  • Labial vessels
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8
Q

Cutaneous nerve supply of the lips

A
  • Upper lip is V2 (infraorbital nerve)

- Lower lip is V3 (mental nerve)

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9
Q

Blood supply of cheeks

A
  • Buccal branch of maxillary
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10
Q

Nerve supply of cheeks

A
  • Buccal nerve from V3
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11
Q

Oral surface of the cheeks contains

A
  • Buccal glands (salivary)
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12
Q

Cheeks contain buccal fat pad between

A
  • Skin and buccinators muscle
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13
Q

Palate is formed by

A
  • Hard and soft palate
  • Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity and nasopharynx
  • Roof of oral, floor of nasal
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14
Q

Hard palate (anterior 2/3)

A
  • Concave, bony skeleton
  • Palatine process of maxilla
  • Horizontal plate of palatine bone
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15
Q

Openings of the palate (3)

A
  • Incisive foramen and fossa
  • Greater palatine foramen
  • Lesser palatine foramen
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16
Q

Incisive foramen and fossa contains

A
  • Nasopalatine nerve

- Sphenopalatine artery

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17
Q

Greater palatine foramen contains

A
  • Greater palatine nerve and vessels
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18
Q

Lesser palatine foramen contains

A
  • Lesser palatine nerve and vessels
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19
Q

Soft palate (continuous with pharynx) contains/function

A
  • Aponeurosis
  • Uvula
  • Tenses and elevates during swallowing
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20
Q

Soft palate aponeurosis attaches to

A
  • Posterior hard palate
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21
Q

Uvula

A
  • Cone shaped free margin of soft palate
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22
Q

Tensing and elevating during swallowing closes the

A
  • Isthmus of pharynx
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23
Q

Continuity of soft palate with pharynx forms

A
  • Palatoglossal arches

- Palatopharyngeal arches

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24
Q

Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of Fauces) is between

A
  • Oral cavity

- Oropharynx

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25
Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of Fauces) is bound by
- Soft palate - Tongue - Pillars of the fauces (the arches)
26
Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus of Fauces) contains
- Palatine salivary glands - Transverse palatine folds (rugae) - Palatine raphe
27
Palatine raphe
- Site of embryonic fusion of 2 halves of the palate
28
Muscle of the soft palate functions
- Elevate, depress, and tense soft palate
29
All muscles of the soft palate (except 1) are innervated by
- Vagus nerve (via pharyngeal plexus)
30
Tensor veli palatini extends from
- Scaphoid fossa and pharyngotympanic tube cartilage | - To palatine aponeurosis
31
Tensor veli palatini innervation
- Mandibular nerve
32
Tensor veli palatini function
- Tenses soft palate | - Opens Eustachian tube
33
Levator veli palatini extends from
- Cartilage of pharyngotympanic and temporal bone (petrous bone) - Topalatine aponeurosis
34
Levator veli palatini function
- Elevates soft palate
35
Palatoglossus function
- Elevates posterior tongue | - Depresses soft palate
36
Palatopharyngeus function
- Elevates pharynx | - Tenses and depresses palate
37
Musculus uvulae function
- Shortens and elevates uvula
38
Blood supply of the palate (4)
- Maxillary artery - Descending palatine artery - Lesser/greater palatine artery - Sphenopalatine artery
39
Descending palatine artery passes through
- Greater palatine canal
40
Nerve supply of the palate
- Nasopalatine nerve | - Greater/lesser palatine nerves
41
General sensory of the palate provided by
- Branches of maxillary nerve (V2)
42
Nasopalatine nerve enters the nasal cavity by passing through the
- Sphenopalatine foramen
43
Nasopalatine nerve enters cavity and travels along
- Travels along nasal septum | - Passes through incisive canal
44
Nasopalatine nerve exits cavity through
- Exits incisive canal through incisive foramen | - Inferior aspect of palate
45
Greater and lesser palatine nerves pathway
- Greater palatine canal | - Pass through greater/lesser palatine foramina to palate
46
Taste and parasympathetic to palatine glands
- Facial nerve | - Follow trigeminal branches
47
Tongue is a muscular organ involved in
- Speech - Chewing - Swallowing - Sensation
48
Root of the tongue is the inferior/posterior portion attached to
- Mandible - Hyoid bone - Tongue muscles
49
Body of the tongue
- Anterior 2/3
50
Apex of the tongue
- Tip of the tongue
51
Dorsum of the tongue
- Superior surface - Terminal sulcus - Foramen cecum
52
Terminal sulcus of dorsum of tongue separates
- Anterior 2/3 (oral or presulcal part) from posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal or postsulcal part)
53
Lingual papillae location
- Dorsal anterior 2/3 of tongue
54
Types of lingual papillae
- Vallate - Foliate - Fungiform - Filiform
55
Vallate papillae
- Anterior to terminal sulcus | - Contain taste buds
56
Foliate papillae
- Post/lateral tongue | - Contain taste buds
57
Fungiform papillae
- Found on dorsum (most numerous at apex) | - Contain taste buds
58
Filiform papillae
- Numerous - Mechanical/sensory function - No taste buds
59
Posterior 1/3 of tongue
- Anterior wall of oropharynx - No lingual papillae, does have taste buds - Lingual tonsil
60
Tongue muscles function
- Do not act in isolation - Lingual septum separates halves - Extrinsic muscles - Intrinsic muscles
61
Extrinsic tongue muscles
- Position the tongue - Alter shape - Originate outside of the tongue
62
Intrinsic tongue muscles
- Alter the shape | - Originate within the tongue
63
Muscles of the tongue
- Genioglossus - Hyoglossus - Styloglossus - Palatoglossus
64
Genioglossus attachments
- Superior mental spine to tongue (also hyoid bone)
65
Genioglossus functions
- Proturudes - Depresses central portion - Lateral deviation
66
Hyoglossus attachments
- Body of tongue | - Greater horn of hyoid to lateral tongue
67
Hyoglossus functions
- Depresses sides | - Retracts tongue
68
Styloglossus attachments
- Styloid process to sides of posterior tongue
69
Styloglossus functions
- Retracts and elevates sides
70
Palatoglossus attachments
- Palatine aponeurosis to posterolateral tongue
71
Palatoglossus functions
- Elevates posterior tongue | - Depresses soft palate
72
Motor innervation to tongue
- Palatoglossus innervated by vagus (pharyngeal plexus) | - All the rest innervated by hypoglossal nerve
73
Damage to hypoglossal nerve (trauma, malignancy) causes
- Paralysis and eventual atrophy
74
Nerve injury causes
- Tongue deviation to the paralyzed side during tongue protrusion
75
Anterior 2/3 tongue sensory innervation
- General sensation: CN V3, lingual nerve | - Special sensation (taste): CN VII, chorda tympani
76
Posterior 1/3 including vallate papilla
- General and special sensation: CN IX
77
Vagus can supply some taste and general sensation to
- Posterior tongue and epiglottis
78
Arterial supply to tongue
- Lingual artery - Branch from ECA - Passes deep to hyoglossus (medial to hyoglossus)
79
Branches from lingual artery
- Dorsal lingual - Deep lingual - Sublingual
80
Dorsal lingual supplies
- Root
81
Deep lingual supplies
- Body
82
Sublingual supplies
- Mouth floor | - Sublingual glands
83
Venous supply of tongue
- Deep Lingual - Sublingual - Dorsal Lingual
84
All tongue veins drain directly to
- IJV directly or to lingual vein
85
Sublingual drug administration
- Direct, quick absorption - Excellent venous drainage - Bypasses GI tract and liver
86
All lymph from tongue eventually reaches
- Deep cervical nodes
87
Root of tongue lymph drainage
- Superior deep cervical nodes bilaterally
88
Medial body of tongue lymph drainage
- Inferior deep cervical nodes bilaterally
89
Lateral body of tongue lymph drainage
- Ipsilateral submandibular nodes
90
Apex and frenulum of tongue lymph drainage
- Submental nodes
91
Salivary glands
- Moisten mouth | - Beginning of digestion
92
Glands of the tongue
- Salivary - Parotid - Submandibular - Sublingual
93
Submandibular gland
- Superficial and deep parts
94
Submandibular duct (Whartons duct)
- Passes between mylohyoid and hyoglossus - Lingual nerve is lateral, then loops beneath the duct (lateral, inferior, medial) - Runs along floor of mouth to sublingual caruncle near frenulum
95
Sublingual glands
- Located floor of the mouth between mandible and genioglossus - Multiple duct openings
96
Sublingual gland arterial supply
- Sublingual | - Submental
97
Sublingual gland innervation
- CN VII (secretomotor)
98
Submandibular gland arterial supply
- Submental (facial)
99
Submandibular gland innervation
- CN VII (secretomotor)
100
Minor salivary glands
- Buccal - Palatal - Labial
101
Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular and sublingual glands presynaptics
- Originate in pons
102
Pathway of parasympathetics to submandibular/sublingual glands
- Presynaptics originate in pons - Travel in facial nerve (nervus intermedius) - Follow chorda tympani into infratemporal fossa - Chorda tympani joins with lingual nerve (V3) - Presynaptics synapse in submandibular ganglion - Postsynaptics innervate submandibular gland - Some jump back on lingual to innervate sublingual gland
103
Presynaptics from pons travel in
- Facial nerve (nervus intermedius)
104
From the facial nerve, nerves follow
- Chorda tympani into infratemporal fossa
105
Chorda tympani joins with
- Lingual nerve (V3)
106
Presynaptics synapse in
- Submandibular ganglion
107
Postsynaptics innervate
- Submandibular gland | - Some jump back on lingual
108
Nerves that jump back onto lingual innervate
- Sublingual gland
109
Sympathetics of glands
- Postsynaptic nerve fibers from superior cervical ganglia | - Travel in periarterial plexus along ECA --> facial and lingual arteries to reach the gland
110
Taste pathway (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
- Tongue - Lingual - Chorda tympani - Nervus intermedius - Brainstem
111
submandibular ganglion is NOT involved in
- Tase
112
Geniculate ganglion contains
- Cell bodies for CN VII neurons for taste and sensation
113
Chorda tympani contains
- Presynaptic parasympathetics | - Taste afferents
114
Lingual nerve before chorda tympani joins
- General somatic afferents from oral cavity (including anterior 2/3 of tongue)
115
Lingual nerve BEFORE submandibular ganglion, after chorda tympani joins
- Presynaptic parasympathetics - Taste afferents - General sensory (touch, pain), V3
116
Lingual nerve AFTER submandibular ganglion, after chorda tympani
- Postsynaptic parasympathetics to sublingual gland - Taste afferents - General sensory (touch, pain), V3
117
Lingual and hypoglossal nerves pass
- Lateral to the hyoglossus muscle
118
Lingual artery passes
- Medial

Gross Anatomy (50 decks)

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