Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomical Position
A
- Body erect, arms at the side, palms forward
- Feet shoulder width, parallel, toes forward
- Facing forward
2
Q
Anatomical Planes
A
- Median plane (median sagittal, midsagittal)
- Sagittal
- Frontal (coronal)
- Transverse
3
Q
Dermis
A
- Contains tension lines (Langer lines, cleavage lines)
- Natural orientation of collagen fibers in dermis
4
Q
Fascia
A
- Connective tissue that surrounds organs, muscles, vessels, etc.
- “Wrapping and packing” material
- Create compartments and boundaries
- Limit spread of infection and cancer
5
Q
Superficial Fascia
A
- Less dense connective tissue
- Deep to dermis
- Larger fat content vs. deep fascia
6
Q
Deep/Investing Fascia
A
- Deep to subcutaneous tissue
- Typically denser than superficial fascia
- Forms fascial compartments
- Intermuscular septa
7
Q
Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Systems
A
- Intrinsic and autonomic nervous systems
8
Q
Skeletal Muscle System
A
- Somatic nervous system
9
Q
Skeletal Muscle
A
- Attached to bone or something else via organized collagen (tendon, aponeurosis, epimysium)
10
Q
Muscle Bellies/Heads
A
- Contractile portion
- Can have more than one
11
Q
Lymphatic System
A
- Interconnected network of channels;
- Superficial and deep
- Found in most areas of the body
- Coalesce to form lymph trunks and ducts
- Eventually drains into venous system
12
Q
Lymphatic System Function
A
- Returns fluid and extracellular protein to circulation
- Part of immune defense system
- Fat absorption and transport
13
Q
Lymph Nodes
A
- Small encapsulated structures
- Part of immune system
- Filters
14
Q
Clinical Importance of Lymph Nodes
A
- Sites of metastasis
- Body regions are associated with groups of lymph nodes
- Some are accessible to palpation
15
Q
Axial Skeletal System
A
- Skull
- Ribs sternum
- Vertebral column
16
Q
Appendicular Skeletal System
A
- Bones of pectoral and pelvic girdles
- Limb bones
17
Q
Bone
A
- Covered with periosteum (except where there is cartilage, tendon/ligament attachment
- Compact vs. spongy (trabecular)
- Supplied by nutrient arteries
18
Q
Bone Attachment Points for Muscle and Tendons, Ligaments, and Fascia
A
- Tubercle
- Process
- Line
19
Q
Bone Openings
A
- Foramen
- Canal
- Meatus
20
Q
Cartilage
A
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage (pubic symphasis and IVD)
- Hyaline (costal cartilage and articular cartilage)
21
Q
Synarthrosis
A
- No bone movement
22
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
- Slightly movable bone
23
Q
Diarthrosis
A
- Freely movable bone
24
Q
Fibrous Joints
A
- United by fibrous connective tissue
25
Cartilaginous Joints
- United by cartilage
26
Synovial Joints
- Multiple characteristics
27
Arterial Supply to Joints
- Articular branches from neighboring vessels
- Periarticular anastomoses
- Constant blood supply, regardless of position
28
Nerve Supply to Joints
- Articular branches
29
Hilton's Law
- Nerve supplying a joint also supplies muscles moving the joint and skin over distal muscle attachment
30
Fibrous Joints
- No joint cavity
- Bones united by fibrous CT
- Length of fibers determines movement allowed
31
Types of Fibrous Joints
- Suture
- Gomphosis
- Syndesmosis
32
Suture Joint
- Fibrous joint, synarthrosis (adult)
33
Gomphosis Joint
- Fibrous joint, synarthrosis
| - Ex: tooth and jaw alveolar process
34
Syndesmosis Joint
- Fibrous, amphiarthrosis
| - Ex: radioulnar syndesmosis
35
Cartilaginous Joints
- Lacks joint cavity
| - Bones united by cartilage
36
Synchondroses Joints
- United by hyaline cartilage (primary cartilaginous joint)
- Usually temporary
- Examples: growth plates, 1st rib/manubrium, synarthrosis
37
Symphysis Joints
- United by fibrocartilage (secondary cartilaginous joint)
- IVD and pubic symphysis
- Amphiarthrosis
38
Synchondrosis Joint
- Cartilaginous joint (hyaline)
39
Types of Cartilaginous Joints
- Synchondroses
- Symphysis
- Synchondrosis
40
Synovial Joints
- All are diarthrosis joints
- Articular capsule, 2 layers: outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane (secretes fluid)
- Synovial cavity
- Articular cartilage (hyaline) covers ends of bones
- Accessory ligaments, articular discs, bursae
41
Types of Diarthrotic (Synovial) Joints
- Ball and socket (spheroid)
- Ellipsoidal (condyloid)
- Gliding (planar)
- Hinge (ginglymus)
- Pivot (trochoid)
- Saddle (sellaris)
