Head: Scalp, Face, Parotid Flashcards by Elizabeth Dower

What are the layers of the scalp

Skin
Connective Tissue Dense
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Pericranium

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What layers of the scalp will be injured in a scalping injury

Scalp proper

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What is scap proper

skin
dense connective tissue
aponeurosis

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What is the innervation of the scalp and vasculature contained within the scalp

loose connective tissue

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What is the function of the dense connective tissue

anchors skin to aponeurosis

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What arteries are found within the connective tissue layer of the scalp

external carotid and ophthalmic arteries

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What are the external carotid artery branches within the scalp

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

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What nerves supply GSA innervation to the scalp

branches from CNV, C2, and C3

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What divides cranial innervation from cervical innervation in the scalp

vertex

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GSA innervation from CN V is where on the head

face and sides

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GSA innervation from C2 and C3 is where on the head

back of head

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What is the sensory innervation of the auriculotemporal nerve

Innervates temple and side and side of scalp

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What muscle is contained within the aponeurosis of the scalp

occipitofrontalis muscle

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What is the aponeurotic tendon between frontal and occipital bellies

galea aponeurotica

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What is the occipitofrontalis muscle innervated by

CN7

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What layer will infections spread through in the scalp

loose CT; danger level, more room for things to spread and grow

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What pharyngeal arch will give rise to the face

pharyngeal arch 1

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What nerve is associated with first pharyngeal arch

cranial nerve V

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WHat nerve will supply cutaneous innervation to the face.

Trigeminal nerve

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What will CN V1 supply to the face

forehead, upper eyelids, tip of nose

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What will CN V2 supply to the face

cheeks, lateral nose, upper lip

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What will CN V3 supply to the face

chin, lower lip, temple

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Where are the cell bodies found that provide sensory innervation to the face

trigeminal ganglion

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What are possible cause of trigeminal neuralgia

abberant artery that compresses cranial nerve 5

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What are possible treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia

carbamazepine to treat symptoms; microvascular decomphression

What are the muscles of facial expression

``` frontalis orbicularis oculi buccinator orbicularis oris zygomaticus major zygomaticus minor depressor labii inferiorius depressor anguli oris mentalis nasalis platysma ```

What is the function of orbicularis occuli

closing the eye

What is the function of orbicularis oris

duck face or whistle

What is the function of zygomaticus major

smiling

What is the function of platysma

superficial muscle helps tense the neck

What is the function of buccinator

deep within cheek, keeps food in mouth

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by

CN VII

What are the attachments of the buccinator muscle

pterygomandibular raphe to orbicularis oris

What nerve will chorda tympani hitchhike on

lingual

What structure will the facial nerve use to exit the skull

stylomastoid foramen

Where does the posterior auricular nerve originate

CN7

What does the posterior auricular nerve innervate

posterior auricular muscle and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

What are the 5 branches of CN7 that will pass deep to parotid gland

``` Temporalis Zygomatic Buccal Marginal Mandibular Cervical ```

What do the temporal branches of CN7 supply

orbicularis occuli and frontal branches

What do the zygomatic branches of CN7 supply

zygomaticus major and upper lip

What do the Buccal branches of CN7 supply

cheek to corner of mouth, innervate buccinator

What are the main vessels that supply blood to the face

facial superficial temporal maxillary opthalmic arteries from internal carotid

What is the clinical significance of venous drainage of the face

there are many intracranial connections, lack of valves allow for bid-directional flow, which can permit spread of infection

What arteries will supply the lips

labial arteries from external carotid

What artery will supply the upper eyelids

supratrochlear and | supraorbital arteries from internal carotid

What artery will supply the cheek

transverse facial from superficial temporal

How is the retromandibular vein formed

merging of superficial temporal and maxillary vein

Where does the common facial vein drain

internal jugular vein

How is the common facial vein formed

retromandibular vein communicates with facial vein, submental vein

What veins are involved in the danger area of the face

deep facial vein communicates with pterygoid venous plexus: communicates with cavernous venous plexus

What is the danger of the danger triangle of the face

venous connections from face to the cranial cavity which can potentially spread infection through the venous channels

What is the lymphatic drainage of the face

1. parotid 2. submandibular 3. submental all drain to deep cervical nodes along internal jugular vein

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lips

submandibular (upper and lateral lower) submental: medial, lower lip

What are S/S of Bells Palsy

Droopiness, can't wrinkle forehead

What is the cause of Bells Palsy

damage to cranial nerve 7

What is the parotid gland enclosed by

parotid sheath

Where is the parotid gland located

parotid bed

Describe the course of the parotid gland

crosses superficial to masseter, pierces buccinator muscle; opens into oral cavity near second upper molar

What nerves will supply motor and sensory info to the buccinator

Facial nerve: motor | Sensory: V3

What structures are associated with the parotid gland

CNVII and motor branches External carotid artery and branches Retromandibular vein Masseter and mandible

What nerve will innervate the parotid sheath

auriculotemporal nerve from V3

What does the auriculotemporal nerve sense

pain if the parotid gland is infected

Mumps in Children causes what

parotid gland to swell; pain transmitted via auriculotemporal nerve

What nerves will supply GSA and GVE to the parotid gland

GSA: auriculotemporal nerve and greater auricular nerve GVE: CN9 (parasympathetic) and cervical ganglia (sympathetic)

What does the greater auricular nerve supply sensation to

angle of the mandible

What is the course of the tympanic nerve

tympanic cavity, exits canal as lesser petrosal nerve, exts skull and emerges in infratemporal fossa

How do parasympathetics reach the parotid gland

hitchhike on lingual nerve

Head: Scalp, Face, Parotid Flashcards

(67 cards)