Headache Flashcards
why are cluster headaches named ‘cluster’?
typically occur in clusters lasting several weeks, with the clusters themselves typically once a year
who are most at risk of suffering from cluster headaches?
- men
- smokers
names triggers for cluster headache
- alcohol
- nocturnal sleep
what are the features of cluster headaches?
intense sharp, stabbing pain around **one eye **
* pain typically occurs once or twice a day, each episode lasting 15mins - 2 hours
* patient is restless and agitated during an attack due to the severity
* redness, lacrimation, lid swelling
* nasal stuffiness
* miosis and ptosis
how long do clusters typically last?
1-3 months
what is the imaging of choice in cluster headaches?
MRI with gadolinium contrast
what is the acute management for cluster headaches?
- 100% oxygen
- subcut triptan
what is the prophylaxis treatment for cluster headaches?
verapamil
what are the features of migraine?
- unilateral throbbing headache
- preceded by an aura
- lasts 4-72 hours
- photophobia
- phonophobia
describe aura
- visual (e.g. lines, zigzags)
- sensory (paraesthesia spreading from fingers to face)
name some identifiable triggers for migraine
- oral contraceptives
- chocolate
what symptom confirms the diagnosis of migraine?
aura
what is the diagnostic criteria for a migraine with no aura?
at least 5 headaches lasting 4-72 hours with
* nausea/vomiting
OR
* photo/phonophobia
AND 2 of:
* unilateral headache
* pulsating character
* impaired or worsened by daily activities
what is the management of migraine?
- avoid triggers
- prophylaxis
- managing an acute attack
what is the prophylaxis for migraines?
propranolol or topiramate