health and human rights Flashcards

Question

North and South Korea

Answer 1

used to be japanse colony, divided into two states North Korea- totalitarian state, one leader, family generational, there is no one else to vote for highly authoritarian regime it is completely closed off from rest of global community, self imposed isolation as people forbidden to use the internet. rogue and dangerous state due to its threat of huge mitilary forces, nuclear weapons and uncertainty of what is occuring there. human rights crisis. no freedom of speech doesn;t prioritise people, in 1990s a famine killed 2.5 people, not prioritsing looking after its citizens south korea- embraced capitalism and is now a high income advanced economy good government opened their doors to FDI, now have powerful chaebols, comiitted labour force, rich human rescource (good workforce) amongt highest ranks for education and healthcare

Answer 2

china- focused on econmic growth, sacrificed human rights in labour, middle eastern countries-prioritise Sharia Law, rule of Islam authoritiarian/ totalitarian government- North Korea

Answer 3

humanitarian aid, exclusion sanctions aim- to improve human rights people involved- UN, provided significant humanitarian assistance through agencies like World Food Programme, imposed arms embargos and called for international sanctions targeting military leadership UN special rapporteir on myanmar vocal documenting and reporting on the human rights abuse ICC- international criminal court, investigated crimes against humanity, especially Rohingya crisis ICJ- international court of justice, tried to hold Myanmar responsible for genocide, violated genocide convention ASEAN- created 5 point consensus (immediate cessation of violence, dialogue between all parties involved, appointment for ASEAN visit to myanmar, humanitarian aid for people in myanmar exclusion from ASEAN summits, was a rare diplomatic move individual ASEAN states like SIngapore have enforced sanctions (governmental decisions) success- allowed indivudials in myanmar to receive humanitarian aid, also made people more aware of issues occurring failures- 5 point consensus was not affective, violence continued ASEAN members such as Thailand trade with Myanmar, not enforcing sanctions, Myanmar are relucant to change,

Answer 4

military and economic intervention aim- to stop Iran from building nuclear weapons people involved- USA and UK governments (governmental intervention) financial sanctions on trade and oil exports, significant damage to the economy P5+1= P5 and Iran reached a JCPOA, Iran agreed to limit its nuclear program, and allowing more frequent inspections by the IAEA. As a result of this, sanctions were lifted Trump withdrew from agreement in May 2018, causes Iran to reduce compliance Success- was initially successful, prevented Iran from continuing to build nuclears, protecting people, ultimately delayed nuclear development failures- began to build nuclears again once US withdrew, increased risk of conflict again

Answer 5

military intervention, form of developmental aid aim- construct a new democratic legal system, as an alternative to Sharia Law people involved- USA, in alliance with NATO (IGO led)- had military action in order to dismantle Al Queda and remove the Taliban regime success- initially successful, dismantled Al Queda, US invested billions into improving Afghanistans infrastrucutre like roads, electricity , and telecommunications, improving the country as a whole failure- ongoing presence of taliban meant they returned to power in 201, under strict Sharia law which is a clear violation of human rights USA dismantling Al Queada was very controversial

Answer 6

UN battling human rights issues in North Korea humanaritarian intervention aim- addressing severe human rights violations and promoting peace and stability within the region people involved- UN (IGO) since 2016, targeted sanctions placed on individuals closely associated with human rights abuses, including officials in prison camps UN human rights council created CO1 report in 2014, hihglighting the systematic abuse like forced labour and forced abortions. success- created international awareness of issues in North kOrea, allowed other countries to place pressure on North Korea failures- sanctions been criticised for affecting normal people more than those in power, contributed to economic hardshup North Korea completely refuses to cooperate

Answer 7

human rights in Jordan developmental aid aim- improving human rights by removing instability in military, economies and regions people involed- USA government (governmental) renewed 5 year package, providing 360 million in economic assistance, 300 million in foreign military finacing, and 340 million towards regional instability and 298 million to help with refugee crisis success- economic aid helps social development, improved infrastructure and services like healthcare and education, indirectly improving human rights, all by helping reduce poverty failures- gender based violence, early marriage, and inequalities are still occuring, this is partially become violence towards women is normalised and deemed as okay.

Answer 8

economic intervention aim- to try and stop russia from invading Ukraine, minimising impacts people involved- EU and USA placed sanctions on energy sector through gas and oil, western countries imposed restrictions on critical exports to Russia, including high tech componenets and military equipment success- significant effect on Russia's economy failure- Russia has adapted by seeking alternative trade routes and financial systems with China, India, Turkey allowed for war to continue.

Answer 9

corropution refers to focusing on private interests that benefit them rather than the rest of society, it reduces levels of trust and threatens human rights examples- work against health and safety laws, for example in Bangladesh or affecting judicial system by retaining people in detention without trial, for example Guantanamo Bay. the meeting concluded- corruption should be exposed corruptors pursued and punished victims of corruption supported corruption eradicated

Answer 10

significant negative correlation the greater the deomcracy, the lower the corruption

Answer 11

countrys politican and economic environment is detoriating strong links between the ruling elite and organised crime, for example drugs, human trafficking and illegal logging

Answer 12

was once one of the most prosperous parts of Africa, had productive agriculture, profitable mining industry and strong manufacturing Robery Mugabe, continue to control the country through to questionable elections, corruption, firm denial of human rights mainly to white people as they are the minority Mugabe owned the best land, and it was poorly farmed leading the country to the brink of bankrupcu now only 22 poorer countries in the world however Mugabe is now 90, so corruption may be coming to end.

Answer 13

although forms of government had been set up in colonies, indigineous people were generally excluded from decision making and did not have power, so when independnece came new governments had little experience knowing how to run a country opportunties insurgent groups were able to vie for political control leading to violence colonial borders did not realise importance of traditional ethnic and religious borders, led to minority groupd hsving fewer rights for example Roma population in Eastern Europe.

Answer 14

all natives of rwanda were believed to have belonged to one cultural and linguistic group but this was wrong there was 3 distinct sub groups Hutu, Tutsi, Taw since independence, in 1994, the Hutu decided to eliminate the Tutsi, many fled in 100 days, 800,000 of them were massacreed some stability reutrned, economoy recovered, ethnic discrimination continues but one of best gender inequality in the world

Answer 15

gender violence causes more deaths and disability in women aged 15 to 44 than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war around 50% of Bolivian women admitted to having been subject to physical abuse highest rate of maternal mortality in South America women having little access to services like cancer and sexual health education

Answer 16

return of Taliban leadership in 2021 significantly decreased womens rights new rules including -women do not have freedom to move in a public space without a male present, -child marriage - forbiden from attending secondary school, -every two hours an Afghan woman dies during pregnancy or while giving birth. this is due to young age, vitamin deficiency, and poor medical care.

Answer 17

aid being given from one country to another, allows donor country to have control and pursue its own agenda. aid can be used as leverage UK providing aid packages to Uganda, with potential trade agreements threatened to remove aid unless they introduced gay rights

Answer 18

the donor country has virtually no control however powerful countries often control igos like the UN so can therefore enforce policies

Answer 19

often done by NGO's involves transfer of expertise, technology, and education more effective as it is a bottom up approach

Answer 20

trade sanctions placed on Iran by p5 to ensure they stopped development of nuclear weaopons fair trade foundation- aims to fair price for a wide range of goods exported by developing countries

Answer 21

foreign policies or laws that ban exoirts to and imports from a country in protest against actions by that country often effective as without trade, national income is reduced

Answer 22

securing primary resouces facilitating private investmnet providing technical know how

Answer 23

hard power used to defend human rights includes small scale raids, ambushes, sabotages, or similar actions can often by conterverisal

Answer 24

less controversial approach providing weapons or advisors to one side in a conflict etc

Answer 25

the world bank world trade organisation international monetary fund unesco oecd often disagree on how to approach things, some competition between them

Answer 26

NGOs like comic relief, water aid, amnesty international, human rights watch brings attention to countries that don't follow human rights are generally charities so can act how they like without governments becoming involved fall into two groups: -those concerned primarily with human rights- human rights watch - those focused on human developmental and aid- oxfam

Answer 27

raised awareness and brought attention to= - Brazil, for unlawful killings in Rio -Saudi, ill treatment and lack of protection for human rights defenders and activists -Venezuala, attacks on human rights workers -Iran, imprisonment of human rights campaigners -Germany, failing victims for racial violence.

Answer 28

-Malawai received 1.17 billion in 2012 this was 28% of countrys gni but 30 million stolen through corruptions, and investigators suffered physical violce the following year, aid reduced by 20% donors avoid using government systmes, followed a more bottom up approach

Answer 29

NGOS founded in uk in 1961 focused on investigation and exposure of human rights abuses globally takes on governments, powerful people and companies grasroots acitivists to ensure UDHR is implemented provide education and training so people are aware of their rights

Answer 30

NGO founded in 1978, to monitor former soviet union compliance with helsinki accord on lookout for violations of UDHR will name and shame non compliant governments often done through media coverage

Answer 31

NGO founded in uk in 1942 aimed to deal with hunger and starvation during ww2 3 main targets: -development work aimed at lifting people out of poverty, improving health (through clean water and sanitation), and assissting people affected by conflicts and natural disasters, campaigning a range of issues

Answer 32

NGO founded in france in 1971 belief all ppl have right to medical care, regardless of race, religion or politics provides healthcare and medical training in 70 countries, repuation of providing emergency aid during conflict is indepednet

Answer 33

scale (size)- can be constructing small village, to large scale irrigation project financially- timescale- immediate aid, or long term programme provider- igo, ngo, governmental

Answer 34

FDI- one country sets up business in another country, provides jobs, pays tax etc. Benefits donor country significantly trade- one country buying or selling goods from/ to another country

Answer 35

small pox. was eliminated as a result of global vaccination campaigns and polio is nearly eradicated one unsuccess- malaria, kills around 2 million per year is being tackled by- - draining swampy areas or spraying with pesticides areas where mosquitoes that carry the disease are -encouraging those at risk to take preventive medicine, drugs do not cure disease but reduce risk of catching it - mosquito nets lots of work done by comic relief partially successful though, between 2000 and 2014, 48% decline in deaths from malaria

Answer 36

encourages aid dependency rather than any economic development allow governments to become economically lazy whilst encouraging corruption distort economic standpoint of a country, artifically adds to GDP,

Answer 37

poorest country in western hemisphere. 4/5 live on less than $2 a day, 1/3 of adults are illiterate, sufferred from- - poor healthcare and outbreak of contagious diseases, -widespread corruption, -violations of rights by dictators -exploitation of resoucres by FDI receive large amounts of aid from USA, Cananda and EU. has the most natural hazards, 2010 earhtquake impacts: - killed 230,000 people -300,000 injured -1.5 million displaced generated aid package valued over 12 billion, however 5 years later only half the aid was given. issues with aid- aid pledges not fullfilled due to fear of money being misused through corruption haitan military had little experience dealing with emergency, aid unequally distributed too many unqualified and small scale NGO's involved

Answer 38

negative impact of development aid nigerian government earned 10 million a year from oil revenues however significant negative effects on Bodo community# 560,000 barrels of oil into the Community’s land ruined communties lives, destroying around 1000 hectares of mangroves and all of the marine life which the Bodo community relied on to survive. three years after the oil spills, Shell had not cleaned-up the oil spills, and had offered the Community only food as compensation

Answer 39

in order to keep energy pathways open from the middle east energy security

Answer 40

life expectancy provision of doctors literacy rate qiality of physical infrastructure holisitc approach quantative measures

Answer 41

freedom of speech gender equality democratic elections respect for minorities recognition of refugee status

Answer 42

concepts of equality and freedom through political voting systems. democratic governments help to develop socio-political values that promote freedom and human rights

Answer 43

improved quality of life for many democratic countries make greater progress compared to authoritarian wealth, democracy and economic freedom all contribute to a better governance

Answer 44

UDHR states everyone has right to freedom of expression, hold an opinion without fear of inteference with right to have that opinion and be able to receive and give information and ideas through any form of communcation and across any boundaries tricky to measure but usually done by= press freedom, censorship and arrests of journalists China- great firewall of china, dictatorship North Korea- authoritarian government, zero freedom Middle eastern countries that follow Sharia Law, severe punishments

Answer 45

china become developed due to the global shift, where they sacrificed workers rights and exploited them for economic growth additionally sacrificed the environment by emitting extreme amounts of pollutants pros- have the 2nd largest economy in the world -allowed 550 million to escape 1.25 a day since 1990s -chinese people enjoyed consumerism cons- -persistent abuse of human rights and consumerism - not seeing investment into healthcare and education -environmental pollution, smog -caused population to become more aware of a world outside with more freedom etc.

Answer 46

1) the outcomes of development aid have not matched inputs, this can be due to: - inappropriatness of some forms of aif - siphoning of funds by corruption - a lack of good governance, and politcal unrest. 2) in earlier years, more focus on economy and big schemes rather than focusing on bottom up, or trickle down. 3) directed more at grassroots level now, focus on education, skills training and healthcare which has been much more effective 4) some peiple believe no matter what form development aid takes, it encourages developing countries to become dpenednet on donor countries. supports dependency theory, periphery dependent on core ensuring inequalties remain

Answer 47

outbreak in west africa 2014-15 killed 5 times more than all other known ebola outbreaks combined 12,000 died 6 months after first confirmed case, UNMEER was set up, aimed to lead and coordinate responses of NGO's, other roles included= -inform everyone about disease -locate and monitor everyone who came into contact with the virus -overseeing safe burials of ebola deaths, -organise transport of medical supplies -accessing adequate food supplies when there is decreasing food production. sharp falll of ebola cases in 2015, however increased again in Sierra Leone becuase= - fear of reporting to authorities that someone died or had ebola -denial by population who didnt wnat to change thier behaviour (result of a lack of education) region was declared ebola free by 2016 was ultimately successful, however death toll would of been lower if acted quicker.

Answer 48

tends to be last resort brings death of innocent civillains, destruction of housing and infrastructure, need to support and shelter those displaced, diruption of liverlihoods, infringement of human rights during conflict and loss of soverignity

Answer 49

pillar 1-legal responsibility to maintain stability and enforce human rights. pillar 2- state responsible for protecting its citzens and resolving tense situations before conflict breaks out pillar 3- not role of UN to replace the state, may need to help protect citizens

Answer 50

is guided by 3 basic principles= -consent of all parties in conflict -impartiality (dont take sides) -non use of force except in self defence is one of most effective tools simply aims to maintain to peace currently 11 peacekeeping operations occurring.

health and human rights Flashcards

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