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Nursing 161 Unit 4 > Health and Wellness > Flashcards

Health and Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being.

A

Health

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2
Q

-the presence or absence of disease

A

Health

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3
Q

-state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

A

Health

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4
Q
  • a highly personal state in which the individuals physical, emotional, social, developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished
  • may or may not be related to disease.
A

Illness

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5
Q

-an alteration in health or functioning characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration.

A

Acute Illness

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6
Q

-an alteration in health or function that lasts for an extended period of time, usually six months or longer, and often for the duration of the individual’s life

A

Chronic Illness

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7
Q

-a state of well-being that encompasses self responsibility, dynamic growth, nutrition, physical fitness, emotional health, preventative health care, and the whole being of the individual

A

Wellness

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8
Q

-a detectable alteration in body function resulting from infection by microorganisms that causes a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span.

A

Disease

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9
Q

-an activity undertaken for the purpose of achieving a higher level of health and well-being.

A

Health Promotion

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10
Q
  • environmental
  • occupational
  • spiritual
  • physical
  • emotional
  • social
  • well-being is a component of health
A

(Seven) Components of Wellness

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11
Q

-a continuum with signs/symptoms/disability (leading to premature death) on one side, and awareness/education/growth (leading to high level of wellness) on the other side. People move back and forth within this continuum from day to day.

A

Health - Illness Continuum

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12
Q

-a scale used to measure a person’s perceived level of wellness.

A

Health - Illness Continuum

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13
Q

-direction in progress forward and upwards towards a higher potential of functioning;
an open-ended and ever-expanding tomorrow with its challenge to live at a fuller potential; and
the integration of the whole being of the total individual—body, mind, and spirit—in the functioning process.

A

High Level of Wellness

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14
Q

What are some identifying characteristics of ILLNESS?

A
  • physical functioning is diminished
  • emotional functioning is diminished
  • intellectual functioning is diminished
  • social functioning is diminished
  • developmental functioning is diminished
  • spiritual functioning is diminished
  • may or may not be related to disease
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15
Q

What are some identifying characteristics of DISEASE?

A
  • alteration in body functions > results in reduction in capacities or shortening of normal life span
  • occurs when microorganisms produce detectable alterations in normal tissue function
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16
Q
  • a coping mechanism that involves ways that individuals describe, monitor and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions and use the health care system.
  • affected by age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic origin, psychological stability, education, and modes of coping
A

Illness Behaviour

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17
Q

What are some identifying characteristics of WELLNESS?

A
  • state of well-being
  • self responsibility
  • dynamic growing process
  • daily decision making
  • holistic
  • ultimate goal
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18
Q

What factors influence ORAL HEALTH?

A
  • age
  • socioeconomic status (money, insurance)
  • oral hygiene (brushing, flossing, regular dentist visits)
  • nutritional health
  • overall health
  • family history
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19
Q

What factors influence NUTRITIONAL HEALTH?

A
  • age
  • socioeconomic status
  • oral health
  • overall health (presence of disease, medications)
  • alcohol abuse
  • mental health
  • deficient knowledge or skills
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • family example
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20
Q

Describe elements of oral care for infants and toddlers?

A
  • wipe gums prior to teeth eruption
  • soft toothbrush around 18 months
  • fluoride supplements as recommended
  • inspection visits beginning at 18 months
  • initial dental visit at 2-3 yrs
  • seek professional dental attn for problems
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21
Q

Describe elements of oral care for pre-school and school age children?

A
  • establishing good habits early
  • twice daily brushing
  • regular dental visits
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22
Q

What are the characteristics of good oral hygiene?

A
  • daily stimulation of gums
  • mechanical brushing
  • flossing
  • flushing the mouth
  • regular dental visits
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23
Q

Describe elements of oral care for adolescents and adults?

A
  • healthy diet
  • regular brushing and flossing
  • regular dental visits
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24
Q

Describe elements of oral care for older adults?

A
  • regular brushing and flossing (assistance may be required)
  • caring for dentures
  • at risk for cavities and periodontal disease due to weakening of tissues and bones, and self care deficits
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25
Q

What factors influence oral health for infants and toddlers?

A
  • inability/assistance required for self care
  • resistance to care
  • poor eating habits
  • family habits surrounding oral care
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26
Q

What factors influence oral health for pre-school and school aged children?

A
  • resistance to care
  • assistance required for self care
  • diet
  • peer influence
  • family habits surrounding oral care
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27
Q

What factors influence oral health for adolescents and adults?

A
  • diet
  • resistance to care
  • peer influence (adolescents)
  • learned family habits surrounding oral care
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28
Q

What factors influence oral health for older adults?

A
  • inability/assistance required for self care
  • poor eating habits
  • discomfort
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29
Q

What factors influence nutritional health throughout the lifespan?

A
  • socioeconomic status (income)
  • availability of healthy food locally
  • family (learned) nutritional patterns
  • self care abilities/assistance available
  • health status (disease, medications..)
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30
Q

What does a dry mouth predispose a client for?

A

tooth decay

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31
Q

What must be done to provide oral care for an unconscious or debilitated client?

A
  • clean teeth
  • clean oral mucosa
  • clean tongue
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32
Q

What is the best method for cleaning the teeth of an unconscious or debilitated client?

A
  • soft bristled tooth brush
  • oral swab with water soluble moisturizer
  • hydrogen peroxide diluted with saline
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33
Q

When evaluating a client for oral hygiene self care abilities what must a nurse evaluate?

A
  • functional ability
  • hand coordination
  • cognitive function
  • change in condition
  • energy level or level of motivation
34
Q

What aggravates/increases a dry mouth?

A
  • poor fluid intake
  • smoking
  • alcohol abuse
  • high salt intake
  • medications
  • anxiety
35
Q

-purulent inflammation of the gums and tooth sockets, often leading to loosening of the teeth.

A

Pyorrhea

36
Q

What are some of the common health problems of the mouth?

A
  • halitosis (bad breath)
  • glossitis (soreness of tongue)
  • gingivitis (inflammation of gums)
  • periodontal disease (gum disease)
  • cheilosis (fissures at corners of mouth)
  • dental caries (cavities)
  • sordes (crusts)
  • stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth)
37
Q

How many ounces of grain per day should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

6 to 7 oz per day

38
Q

How many cups of dark green veg per week should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

3 cups per week

39
Q

How many cups of orange veg per week should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

2 cups per week

40
Q

How many cups of legumes per week should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

3 cups per week

41
Q

How many cups of starcy veg per week should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

3 cups per week

42
Q

How many cups of fruit per day should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

1.5 to 2 cups per day

43
Q

How many ounces of meat and beans per day should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

5 to 6 ounces per day

44
Q

How many cups of milk, cheese, yogurt per day should you consume according to the food pyramid?

A

3 cups per day

45
Q

-the result of balance between nutrient intake and nutritional requirements

A

Nutritional Health

46
Q

What are the risk factors for poor nutritional health?

A
  • chronic disease, acute illness or injury
  • multiple medications
  • food insecurity - lack of free access to adequate safe food
  • restrictive eating due to chronic dieting, disrdered eating, faddism, food beliefs
  • alcohol abuse
  • depression, bereavement, loneliness, social isolation
  • poor dental health
  • decreased knowledge or skills about food prep and recommendations
  • extreme age - premature infants or adults over 80
47
Q

What laboratory tests can indicate nutritional problems?

A
  • serum proteins (measures protein in blood)
  • urinary urea nitrogen (measure of protein breakdown in the body)
  • creatinine (measures amount of waste product creatinine in your blood or urine - indicated how kidneys are working)
  • total lymphocyte count (infection)
48
Q

-an altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.

A

Sleep

49
Q

What are the characteristics of sleep?

A
  • decreased perception and reaction to environment
  • minimal physical activity
  • changes in physiologic processes
  • cyclic nature is controlled in lower brain
  • neurotransmitters affect sleep/wake cycle
  • melatonin and cortisol levels
50
Q

How does darkness affect your brain?

A
  • causes a decrease in RAS stimulation

- causes the pineal gland to actively secrete melatonin

51
Q

-a cyclical event or function that consists of repeated occurrences and repeated, regular intervals between occurrences.

A

Biological Rhythms

52
Q

-a daily cycle of activity observed in many living organisms

A

Circadian Rhythms

53
Q
  • waken when body temperatures are highest
  • sleep when body temperatures are lowest
  • begins to develop by 6th week of life
A

Sleep-Wake Cycle

54
Q

What are the two types of sleep that you cycle through during the night?

A

NREM & REM

55
Q

What do NREM and REM stand for?

A

Non-Rapid Eye Movement & Rapid Eye Movement

56
Q
  • type of sleep
  • occurs when activity in the RAS is inhibited
  • about 75-80% of sleep is this type
  • divided into 4 stages
A

Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (NREM)

57
Q

What does RAS stand for?

A

Reticular Activating System

58
Q
  • type of sleep
  • occurs during sleep about every 90 minutes
  • lasts about 5-30 minutes
  • only 20-25% of sleep is this type
  • most dreams take place during this type
  • brain is highly active
  • levels of ACh and dopamine increase in brain
A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)

59
Q
  • stage of NREM sleep
  • very light sleep
  • lasts only a few minutes
  • person feels drowsy and relaxed
  • eyes roll from side to side
  • heart rate and respiratory rates drop slightly
  • sleeper can be readily awakened
A

Stage 1 of NREM sleep

60
Q
  • stage of NREM sleep
  • light sleep
  • body processes continue to slow down
  • eyes are still
  • heart and respiratory rates decrease slightly
  • body temperature falls
  • constitutes 44-55% of total sleep
A

Stage 2 of NREM sleep

61
Q
  • stages of NREM sleep
  • deepest stages of sleep
  • differ from one another only in percentage of delta waves recorded during 30 sec periods
  • heart and respiratory rate drop 20-30% below those exhibited during waking hours
  • sleeper is difficult to arouse
  • essential for restoring energy and releasing important growth hormones
A

Stage 3 & 4 of NREM sleep

62
Q

How long does a complete sleep cycle last?

A

approximately 90 to 110 minutes in adults

63
Q

What are some of the physiological changes during NREM sleep?

A
  • arterial BP falls
  • pulse rate decreases
  • peripheral blood vessels dilate
  • cardiac output decreases
  • skeletal muscles relax
  • basal metabolic rate decreases 10-30%
  • growth hormone levels peak
  • intracranial pressure decreases
64
Q

The effects of sleep on the body are not fully understood, but what effects have been documented?

A
  • exerts physiological effects on nervous system (balance) and other body structures (restores to normal level of activity)
  • necessary for protein synthesis to occur (repair processes)
  • psychological effects (inadequate sleep causes irritability, poor concentration, difficulty with decision making)
65
Q

How many sleep cycles does the average adult go through nightly?

A

4 to 6 cycles during a 7-8 hour period of sleep

66
Q

How much sleep does a newborn require?

A

16-18 hours of sleep a night/day

67
Q

Who:

  • has an irregular sleep schedule
  • requires 16-18 hours of sleep daily
  • needs to sleep on their back
A

Newborns

68
Q

How much sleep do infants require?

A

14-15 hours of sleep a night/day

69
Q

Who:

  • awakens every 3 to 4 hours
  • eats and goes back to sleep
  • establishes a pattern of naps
  • spends half of the time in light sleep
  • should be encouraged to put self back to sleep upon waking
A

Infants

70
Q

How much sleep do toddlers require?

A

12-14 hours of sleep a night (including daytime nap)

71
Q

Who:

  • requires a nap
  • may develop nighttime fears and possibly begin to experience nightmares
  • might be comforted by a security object
  • can be affected by sundowning
A

Toddlers

72
Q

How much sleep do school age children require?

A

10-11 hours of sleep a night

73
Q

Who:

  • may have difficulties falling asleep
  • begin to spend more time at the computer or TV
A

School Age Children

74
Q

How much sleep do adolescents require?

A

9-10 hours of sleep a night

75
Q

Who:

  • experiences a shift in circadian rhythms
  • has later sleep-wake patterns
  • begins to experience nocturnal emissions (males)
A

Adolescents

76
Q

How much sleep do adults require?

A

7-9 hours of sleep a night

77
Q

Who:

  • is vulnerable to insufficient sleep
  • can show great individual variety in sleep requirements
  • often shows signs of deficient sleep
  • vulnerable to stress
  • is affected by children’s sleep patterns
A

Adults

78
Q

How much sleep do older adults require?

A

7-9 hours of sleep a night

79
Q

Who:

  • awakens earlier and goes to bed earlier
  • relationship between quality of life and sleep (better health -> more likely to sleep well)
  • may be subject to altered sleep by medical conditions
  • can be affected by sundowning (dementia patients)
A

Older Adults

80
Q

What factors can affect sleep?

A
  • irregular morning or nighttime schedule
  • emotional stress
  • stimulants or alcohol
  • diet (weight gain reduces total sleep time, weight loss increases total sleep time)
  • smoking (causes easier arousal)
  • motivation (boredom can increase sleepiness)
  • medications (can suppress REM, may affect quality of sleep)
  • exercise (early in day is more conducive to sleep, late in day can delay sleep)

Nursing 161 Unit 4 (4 decks)

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