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Health Psychology > Health Behaviour Models > Flashcards

Health Behaviour Models Flashcards

1
Q

What is the health belief model?

A

According to the health belief model beliefs are important contributors to health behaviour

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2
Q

List continuum theories

A
  1. Health belief model
  2. Self-efficacy theory
  3. Behavioural theory
  4. Theory of planned behaviour
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3
Q

Critique of Health belief model

A

° It needs to include psychosocial factors
° It’s not a good predictor for adherence
° The HBD model may be a good predictor of simple, infrequent behaviours

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4
Q

What is self-efficacy theory?

A

According to self-efficacy a person’s belief/confidence in their ability to initiate a difficult behavior predicts the likelihood of them achieving it.

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5
Q

What is outcome expectation?

A

It is the belief that a particular behavior will result in a valuable outcome.
Self-efficacy + outcome expectation = prediction of behaviour

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6
Q

Critiques for Self-efficacy theory

A
  1. It omits other factors that influence motivation
  2. Variables are difficult to operationalized
  3. It’s wide range focus may make it difficult to base interventions on it
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7
Q

What are sources of Self-efficacy

A
  1. Performance
  2. Vicarious experience
  3. Verbal persuasion
  4. Physiological arousal states
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8
Q

What is behavioural theory?

A

It is based on principles of operant conditioning, focuses on the environment and teaching skills to manage adherences.

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9
Q

Because behaviour patterns and habits are difficult to change, how does behaviour theory elicit behaviour change?

A

With the use of:

  1. Cues (reminders, alarms, phone calls)
  2. Rewards (external and internal)
  3. Contingency contracts (Written agreements)
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10
Q

Critique for behavioural theory

A
  • predicts that adherence will be difficult
  • limited by its focus on external influences
  • no individualistic approach
  • no consideration of of less conscious factors
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11
Q

What is theory of planned behaviour?

A

It’s the theory that people think about outcomes before taking action, and that info is used to decide how to behave. One either chooses to act or not to act, and that intention is an immediate determinant of behaviour.

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12
Q

Which factors shape intention?

A
  • Attitude towards behaviour
  • Subjective norm
  • Perceived behavioural control
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13
Q

Critique for theory of planned behaviour

A
  1. Assumes behaviour is under volitional control
  2. Assumes intention will actually lead to enacting the behaviour
  3. Does not consider impact of past behaviour
  4. Does not consider structural barriers
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14
Q

What are stage theories? name them

A

In stage theories people pass through a series of discrete stages as they attempt to change their behavior. In stage theories, interventions are tailored to fit the individual

  1. The transtheoretical model
  2. The health action process approach
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15
Q

What is the transtheoretical model?

A

According to the Transtheoretical model people progress through five stages in making behaviour changes.
Transition from preparation to action is most difficult. A person can relapse to a previous stage or the first stage. Relapse is a learning experience

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16
Q

In Transtheoretical model, what is stage 1and 2 important for?

A

It’s important for techniques to raise awareness

17
Q

In the Transtheoretical model, what is stage 4 and 5 important for?

A

They are important for strategies that directly address behaviour and maintainence

18
Q

What are the different stages of the Transtheoretical model?

A
  1. Precontemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintainence
    * Relapse*
19
Q

Critique for the Transtheoretical model

A
  • Generated most research
  • Identified that interventions need to be tailored according to the stage of cjabgey the person is in
  • Good predictor for smoking cessation but less successful at predicting adherence to special diets.
  • complex and costly
  • not appropriate for behaviors that need urgent change
20
Q

What is the Health Action Process Approach?

A

A model that suggest that the adoption, initiation and maintainence of health behaviours should be perceived as a structured process.

21
Q

What are the stages of HAPA?

A

Stage 1: Motivational phase
The intention to adopt preventative measures or change risk behaviours is formed.
1. Perceived personal risk,
2. Favourable outcome expectations and
3. Action/Task Self-efficacy… Are necessary to make necessary changes
(Intention is not enough to produce lasting changes)
Stage 2
Attempt to make changes
Persistence with change over time
A plan for behaviour change and setbacks
Maintainance Self-efficacy (confidence you can keep up the behaviour)
Relapse Self-efficacy (confidence that you will resume behaviour after relapse)

22
Q

What are limitations of HAPA?

A
  • not yet studied widely

* omits important social factors

Health Psychology (1 decks)

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