Health Belief Model Flashcards
(34 cards)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
→ HISTORY
→ influenced & developed by?
50’s → US public health researchers began developing psychological models to enhance effectiveness of health education programs
influenced by theories of Kurt Lewin
- stated that world of perciever determines what they will & won’t do
developed by Rosenstack in 1966
- attributed it to Hochbaum’s research studies of uptake of TB x-ray screening
HBM
- example of?
- used to?
example of cognition model that examines predictors/precursors to health behavior
used to explain & predict preventative health behavior, sick-role & illness behavior
HBM
- description of model
Value Expectancy Theory
→ attempts to predict health-related behaviors in terms of belief patterns
→ motivation to undertake health behavior → 3 main categories
HBM → Value Expectancy Theory
- explain
desire to avoid illness or get well (value) & belief that specific health action available would prevent illness (expectation)
→ people will take action to prevent/screen for/control ill-health conditions IF they:
- regard themselves as susceptible to condition
- believe it has potentially serious consequences
- believe available action is beneficial in ↓ susceptibility/severity
- believe anticipated benefits outweigh barriers of taking action
HBM → Description of Model
Motivation to undertake health behavior divided into (3) main categories
1) Individual perceptions
2) Modifying behaviors
3) Likelihood of action
Motivation to undertake health behavior:
1) Individual perceptions
perceived susceptibility & severity
Motivation to undertake health behavior:
2) Modifying behaviors
demographic information
cues to action
percieved threat
Motivation to undertake health behavior:
3) Likelihood of action
chances that individual will take recommended preventative health action
Exploring Concept of Beliefs
- definition
- influenced by?
- function of?
perception IS reality
Beliefs = enduring individual characteristics that shape behavior & can be acquired through primary socialization → (link b/w behavior & socialization)
-
modifiable & can differ b/w individuals from same background
- influenced by intrapersonal factors affecting health behavior
HBM → (2) core concepts
HBM focuses on 2 aspects of individual’s representation of health & health behavior:
1) Threat Perception
2) Behavioral Evaluation
HBM → Core Concepts
(1) Threat Perception
(2) Behavioral Evaluation
→ further broken down into (4) constructs
1) Percieved Susceptibility
2) Percieved Severity
3) Percieved Barriers
4) Percieved Benefits
HBM → Core Concepts → Threat Perception
1) Percieved Susceptibility
- 2 additional points
individual’s subjective assessment of risk of contracting condition
- exists on continuum
- extreme (denial) → moderate (admits probability) → extreme (hypochondriac)
- important to get background information since certain popns are at higher risk
HBM → Core Concepts → Threat Perception
2) Perceived Severity/Seriousness
- effect/predictor?
individual’s assessment of seriousness of condition & potential consequences
- includes evaluations of medical & clinical consequences (death vs. disability)
- possible social consequences
→ only moderate effect on preventative health behavior but 2nd powerful predictor of sick-role behavior
HBM → Core Concepts → Behavioral Evaluation
3) Percieved Barriers
individual’s assessment of influences that discourage adoption of promoted behavior
- belief about tangible & psychological costs of advised action
HBM → Core Concepts → Behavioral Evaluation
4) Percieved Benefits
* important role in?
individual’s assessment of positive consequences of adopting behavior
- opinion of value/usefulness of new behavior in ↓ risk of disease
- additional factors include non-health related benefits
play important role in adoption of secondary prevention behaviors
Perceived Threat
results from perception of susceptibility combined with severity/seriousness
- strong cognitive component & partly dependant on knowledge
(2) other important constructs
1) Cues to Action
2) Self-efficacy
1) Cues to Action
events/people/things that move people to change behavior
- strategies to activate readiness & stimulate behavior
can be:
→ Internal
→ External
1) Cues to Action
→ Internal vs. External
- provide examples
Internal Cue
- smoker coughing after light physical exertion
External Cue
- warning label of cigarette package
2) Self-efficacy
Belief in one’s own ability to do something
- added to original 4 beliefs in 1988
Relative Importance/Significance of 4 Beliefs in Changing Behavior
Barriers > Susceptibility > Benefits > Severity
Other variables to consider (3)
a) Demographic
b) Sociopsychological
c) Structural
a) Demographic
* (4)
Age
Sex
Race
Ethnicity
b) Sociopsychological
* (3)
personality
social class (SES)
peer/reference group pressure
