Health, Fitness and Wellbeing

Question 1

Definition for fitness

Answer 1

The ability to meet/cope with the demands of the environment

Question 2

Definition for health

Answer 2

A state of complete emotional physical and social well-being without merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 3

Definition for physical health and wellbeing

Answer 3

All body systems working well, free from illness and injury. Strong and fit enough to easily carry out everyday tasks

Question 4

Definition for mental health

Answer 4

Defined by world health organisation as ‘ a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully , and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Question 5

Definition for social health

Answer 5

Basic human needs being met (food, shelter and clothing), individual has friendship and support, some value in society, is socially active and has little stress in social circumstances

Question 6

How can physical activity improve physical health?

Answer 6

improves heart function - improves CVE
improves efficiency of body systems - improves CVE , lungs, heart, blood vessels work more efficiently so you can exercise more intense for longer
Improves ability to undertake every day tasks - makes you stronger and fitter, so tasks become easier

Question 7

How can physical activity reduce risks to long-term health?

Answer 7

Reduced risk of obesity - exercise uses up energy, so body doesn’t store it as fat
Reduces risk from diabetes - regular exercise helps maintain healthy weight
Reduces risk from CHD, strokes - prevents high bp by keeping heart strong, removing cholesterol from artery walls, so blood can flow easily round body

Question 8

How can physical activity improve mental wellbeing?

Answer 8

• can help relieve stress/tension
• releases feel good hormones
  -able to control emotions
• increases confidence/ self esteem

Question 9

How does the relief of stress/tension improve mental wellbeing?

Answer 9

by taking mind off whatever’s worrying you making you feel happier.

Question 10

How does the release of feel good hormones improve mental wellbeing?

Answer 10

increased level of serotonin in brain may reduce risk of developing mental illness such as depression

Question 11

How can the ability to control emotions improve mental wellbeing?

Answer 11

competing against others improves ability to deal with pressure and manage emotions

Question 12

How can physical activity improve social health?

Answer 12

opportunities to socialise/ make friends
cooperation and teamwork - by taking part in team activities, being part of a team can also make you feel more involved in society as a whole
can be physically fit for jobs or being on feet all day.

Question 13

How does physical activity improve fitness?

Answer 13

reduces chance of illness
can aid in physical ability to work

Question 14

What is a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 14

a persons choice to engage or take part in little or irregular physical activity

Question 15

What are the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 15

gaining weight or becoming obese
heart disease
Hypertension
diabetes
poor sleep/insomnia
lethargy or tiredness
poor self esteem, confidence, body image

Question 16

What is obesity?

Answer 16

a term used to describe people with a large fat content - caused by an imbalance of calories consumed to energy expenditure
BMI of over 30 or 20% or more above ideal weight for height

Question 17

How can obesity decrease performance in physical activity?

Answer 17

limits CVE - excess weight makes harder to exercise for prolonged periods
limits flexibility - excess fat around joint decrease range of movement
limits speed/power - excess weight makes moving quickly and strongly difficult
limits agility - excess weight makes it hard to change direction quickly and accurately

Question 18

How can obesity cause ill physical health?

Answer 18

increased body fat can lead to high cholesterol and fatty deposits in arteries. harder for heart to pump blood. can lead to hypertension, risks of strokes, CHD
Can increase risk for diabetes and some cancers

Question 19

How can obesity cause ill mental health?

Answer 19

can cause depression and loss of confidence

Question 20

How can obesity cause ill social health?

Answer 20

inability to socialise
inability to leave house

Question 21

What is energy measured in?

Answer 21

calories (kcal)

Question 22

How many calories does the average adult male require per day?

Answer 22

2500

Question 23

How many calories does the average adult female require per day?

Answer 23

2000

Question 24

What is calorie consumption dependant on?

Answer 24

age, gender, height, energy expenditure (exercise)

Question 25

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 25

Protein 15-20% Fats 25-30% Carbohydrates 55-60%

Question 26

What is the main source of energy for the body?

Answer 26

carbohydrates - some used straight away, rest stored in liver and muscles, ready for when it's needed (or turned into fat)

Question 27

What are the types of carbohyrates?

Answer 27

simple carbs - digest quickly, cause spikes in blood sugar and energy levels complex carbs - digest quickly and keep blood sugar levels stable

Question 28

What are proteins useful for?

Answer 28

growth and repair of muscle tissue made from molecules called amino acids

Question 29

What foods are rich in protein?

Answer 29

meat, fish, eggs and beans

Question 30

What provides energy for low intensity exercise?

Answer 30

fats - made from fatty acids helps keep body warm and protect organs, preventing injury

Question 31

What fats are bad for you?

Answer 31

saturated and trans fats increase cholesterol and risk of heart disease, diabetes and other health problems

Question 32

Why are good fats good?

Answer 32

can help lower cholesterol, reduce bp and improve overall health

Question 33

Why is it good to have a balanced diet?

Answer 33

supports your lifestyle by providing the nutrients body needs for energy, growth and hydration. Helps prevent health problems and injury, and to speed up recovery following exercise

Question 34

What is vitamin A needed for?

Answer 34

growth and vision healthy skin and tissue

Question 35

What is vitamin C needed for?

Answer 35

helps protect body from infection, heals wounds and absorb calcium and iron from food also important for immune system

Question 36

What is vitamin D needed for?

Answer 36

strong bones - helps to prevent injury

Question 37

What are vitamins good for?

Answer 37

help bones, teeth, skin and other tissues grow. Also for many of body's chemical reactions

Question 38

What are minerals needed for?

Answer 38

healthy bones and teeth, and to build other tissues

Question 39

Examples of minerals used in body

Answer 39

Calcium - strong bones and teeth. Also muscle contraction Iron - making red blood cells, to carry oxygen around body

Question 40

What is dehydration?

Answer 40

Excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body

Question 41

What is hydration?

Answer 41

Having enough water to enable normal functioning of body

Question 42

What is rehydration?

Answer 42

consuming water to restore hydration

Question 43

How can you lose water?

Answer 43

sweating breath urine faeces

Question 44

What are the affects of dehydration?

Answer 44

Blood thickening Reaction slows Temperature rises Muscle fatigue

Question 45

What does blood thickening mean?

Answer 45

harder for heart to pump blood around (slows blood flow)

Question 46

What does increased reaction time lead to?

Answer 46

poor decision e.g. boxer less likely to dodge punch

Question 47

What does increase body temp lead to?

Answer 47

body can't sweat effectively without water causing overheating and maybe fainting through heat exhaustion

Question 48

What can muscle fatigue mean?

Answer 48

Endurance athletes - like marathon runners - may not be able to finish event due to cramps or fatigue

Question 49

What prevents dehydration?

Answer 49

water balance (hydration)

Question 50

How can you avoid dehydration?

Answer 50

rehydration during or after physical activity help avoid important in endurance events and hot climates where you sweat more

Question 51

Why are sports drinks good for rehydration?

Answer 51

contain sugar to replace energy muscles used up contain salt - helps water rehydrate you quicker

Question 52

What is an endomorph?

Answer 52

wide hips, relatively narrow shoulders lots of fat on body, arms and legs pear-shaped

Question 53

What is a mesomorph?

Answer 53

wide shoulders, relatively narrow hips muscular body strong arms and thighs wedge-shaped

Question 54

What is an ectomorph?

Answer 54

narrow shoulder, hips and chest not much muscle or fat long, thin arms and legs

Question 55

What activities are suited to endomorphs?

Answer 55

involving power or weight and low centre of mass shot put, power lifting sumo wrestling - low centre mass makes harder for opponent to throw around ring

Question 56

What activities are suited to mesomorphs?

Answer 56

require strength, agility, or speed sprinting, tennis, weightlifting broad shoulders easier to support weight using upper body, advantageous in weightlifting and gymnastics

Question 57

What activities are suited to ectomorphs?

Answer 57

endurance (long distance running, cycling) light an long legs advantage in high jump - less weight to lift over bar taller - shorter distance they and centre of mass have to travel over bar