Health Interventions Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is a health intervention?
an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions
What is the international classification of health interventions built around?
- target - the entity on which the action is carried out
- action – a deed done by an actor to a target
- means – the processes and methods by which the action is carried out
What are the 3 levels of health interventions?
- micro – targets individuals and families to change personal behaviours, improve self-care, or provide direct healthcare services e.g. patient counselling, vaccination, personalised treatment plans, smoking cessation programmes
- meso – targets groups and organisations to change practice, culture and operations e.g. workplace wellness programmes, community fitness initiatives, school-based nutrition education
- macro – targets large-scale systems to change laws, policies and funding
What are the main health concerns in the 21st century?
- ageing population
- frailty
- chronic diseases and poor lifestyle habits
- Covid-19
What are the ‘3 Beyonds’ in health interventions?
- beyond healthcare – recognising that health is influenced by social, environmental, and economic factors, not just medical care; interventions focus on determinants like education, housing, and employment e.g. policies addressing poverty, food security, and safe living environments
- beyond hospital to community – shifting healthcare delivery from hospitals to community-based settings to promote preventive care and early intervention e.g. home-based care, telemedicine, community health programmes
- beyond quality to value – moving from just improving healthcare quality to ensuring cost-effective, patient-centred, and outcome-driven care e.g. value-based healthcare models, preventive health initiatives to reduce long-term costs
What does the school health service provide free screening for?
- vision
- 3D vision
- hearing
- medical check-up
- growth and development
What diseases does the NCIS immunise children against?
- measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
- diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (Tdap)
- poliomyelitis (OPV/IPV)
- human papillomavirus (HPV)
What is project silver screen?
a nation-wide functional screening of vision, hearing and oral health for Singaporeans aged 60 and above that aims to help seniors maintain their functional abilities
What is screen for life?
a heavily subsidised screening for chronic disease and cancers for Singaporeans
What chronic diseases are screened for in Singapore?
- diabetes
- hypertension
- hyerlipidaemia
What are the mammogram age recommendations?
- age 40-49 - once every year
- age 50 and above - once every two years
What is advance care planning?
the process of planning for future healthcare options through a series of voluntary, non-legally binding conversations with family and doctors
What topics are typically covered in caregiver training?
- courses relating to specific diseases
- personal care techniques
- learning to recognise early warning signs
- courses on emotional coping and ways to access resources
- clinical skills (tube feeding, catheter and tracheostomy care)
- tips to maintain one’s health and wellbeing as a caregiver
What are the objectives of the Silver Generation Ambassadors (SGAs)?
- informing and educating seniors of relevant government policies and schemes services
- promoting health and wellness by connecting seniors to health services and community activities
- assisting with application of (financial and social) assistance
What are primary care networks?
a network of GPs that come together to support more holistic and team-based care that helps patients access additional ancillary and support services
Give examples of meso health interventions
- silver generation ambassadors
- hospital-to-home scheme
- multiple readmissions predictive model
- AIC link
What does Nutri-grade mark for beverages do?
grade pre-packaged sugar-sweetened beverages based on their sugar and saturated fat content and helps consumers make healthier choices by categorising drinks into four grades (A-D)
What does the community health assists scheme enable?
all Singaporean citizens to receive subsidies for medical and/or dental care at participating GP and dental clinics
What are the 5 tiers of the health impact pyramid (bottom to top)?
- socioeconomic factors
- changing the context to make individuals’ default decisions healthy
- long-lasting protective interventions
- clinical interventions
- counselling and education
