Health Issues, Addictions, and Substance-Use Issues

Question 1

Biomedical View of Medicine

Answer 1

a medical perspective that emphasizes western scientific principles and defines health as the absence of illness

Question 2

Well-being

Answer 2

a positive state of existence characterized by happiness, prosperity, and the satisfaction of basic human needs

Question 3

WHO definition of Health

Answer 3

“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being”

Question 4

Biopsychosocial View of Health and Illness

Answer 4

health and disease are products of the interaction between body, mind, and environment

Question 5

Epidemiology

Answer 5

examines the causes, distribution, and control of disease in a population
- goal is to prevent disease in a population

Question 6

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 6

the complex causal relationships between various social, economic, and political factors and population health outcomes
- ie; income, employment, education, housing, access to healthcare

Question 7

Psychosocial Vital Signs

Answer 7

• financial insecurity
• home insecurity
• social isolation
• chronic stress

Question 8

Whitehall Studies

Answer 8

showed how inequality can increase the risk of chronic stress

Question 9

Food Desert

Answer 9

locations where fresh good and vegetables are unavailable at an affordable price

Question 10

Widow Effect

Answer 10

a rise in the risk of premature mortality among people who have recently lost a husband, wife, or other long-term partner

Question 11

Morbidity Rate

Answer 11

the extent of disease in a population, reported by incidence and or prevalence, per 1000 population

Question 12

Incidence

Answer 12

the number of new cases in a population during a given period

Question 13

Prevalence

Answer 13

the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a particular time

Question 14

Endemic

Answer 14

constantly present within a population

Question 15

Epidemic

Answer 15

being a local or national outbreak

Question 16

Pandemic

Answer 16

an epidemic of international or global proportions

Question 17

Endogenous Causes

Answer 17

causes genetic in origin or result from a gradual decline of the organism

Question 18

Excess Deaths

Answer 18

as the number of deaths that occurred in a country in a specific year, minus the number of deaths that occurred in the same period a year earlier

Question 19

BMI

Answer 19

body mass index
- weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
- overweight= BMI over 25
- obesity= BMI over 30

Question 20

Structural Functionalism on Health

Answer 20

health is normative and preserved by social institutions
- illness is a form of deviance that threatens the ability of society to function

Question 21

Conflict Theory on Health

Answer 21

health, health care, and research are affected by inequalities of wealth, status, and power

Question 22

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 22

unique meanings are associated with specific diseases and with being labeled as ‘sick’
- cultures vary in what they consider health and sickness

Question 23

Feminist Theory

Answer 23

gender is an important social determinant of health
- women health often has defined and understood using a male model and male norms

Question 24

Sick Role

Answer 24

people who are sick take on the role and are shown sympathy, help, and exemption from their normal daily roles

Question 25

Friedrich Engels

Answer 25

- the condition of the working class in England - the deplorable conditions of the disadvantaged in Manchester affected the cities death rate

Question 26

Whitehall Studies

Answer 26

a series of research studies conducted in the mid-20th century aimed to investigate the relationship between social hierarchy and health outcomes - significance; demonstrated that health inequalities are unfair but preventable; interventions that reduce social inequalities can improve health outcomes

Question 27

Mental Health

Answer 27

a persons ability to cope with everyday life

Question 28

Mental Disorder

Answer 28

a condition characterized by changes in thinking, mood, and/or behaviour associated with significant distress and damaged functioning over an extended period

Question 29

Ableist Culture

Answer 29

a culture that stigmatizes people with health problems and, often, holds them morally responsible for their stigmatizing

Question 30

Co-morbidity

Answer 30

the susceptibility of an individual with illness to additional health problems

Question 31

Addiction

Answer 31

socially disapproved behaviour that is uncontrollable, repetitious, and possibly harmful

Question 32

Substance use issues

Answer 32

term that captures a similar set of symptoms and problems with clarity and without stigma

Question 33

Structural Functionalism on Drugs

Answer 33

alcohol and drug abuse result from the social structures influence on the individual - drugs serve a social function

Question 34

Conflict Theory on Drugs

Answer 34

alcohol and drug use affect different socio-economic groups differently

Question 35

Symbolic Interactionism on Drugs

Answer 35

social meaning and values associated with drug and alcohol use and the labels attached to people sent hey use these substances are the focus of this approach