Health, Mental Health, Disability Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the prevalence of disability in Singapore and what are some difficulties in measuring disability?
- Prevalence (2017 3rd Enabling Masterplan)
- Students – 2.1%
- 18 - 49 years – 3.4%
- 50 years and above – 13.3%
- Difficulties
- Lack of universal definition
- No coherent data collection system
- Tendency to under report
What is the Ecological Perspective to understanding the provision of social services for disability?
- PwD’s Quality of Life in WHO’s 6 domains… [PIESPIZZAPIZZA]
- Personal beliefs
- Level of Independence
- Environment
- Social r/s
- Physical Health
- Psychological Health
- …Relies on
- Micro system – Family
- Meso system – Training professionals involved in managing disabilities
- Exo system – Community within which PwD lives (eg: support and involvement of corporate sector)
- Macro system – Societal attitudes towards PwDs
How is the principle of Rehabilitation practiced when working with PwDs?
-
Early Intervention Programme for Infants and Children (EIPIC)
- Support children with developmental needs to improve motor / social / cognitive skills to overcome developmental delays
-
3rd EM: Supporting Caregivers (rehabilitating PwD)
- 2019 Budget: Home Caregiving Grant to replace FDW grant, giving caregivers more flexibility on how to use money
- 3rd EM: Building the Community (rehabilitating community)
How is the principle of Integration practiced when working with PwDs?
- 2015 NCSS Survey: 62% of PwDs surveyed do not feel socially included
- 2nd and 3rd EM: Inclusivity towards PwDs
-
Community Integration Service by Asian Women’s Welfare Association (AWWA)
- Integrate PwDs into mainstream education by equipping them with skills + advise schools on access accommodations
- 2019: Compulsory Education Act covers all SPED
What are other intervention models beyond the Biopsychosocial Model?
-
Crisis Intervention
- Need for urgent active intervention during a short window (1 - 2 weeks) before crisis stabilizes to a new normal
- MSW usually has to pay full attention to one case (eg: heart attack patient deciding options)
-
Brief Solution-Focused Therapy
- Uncover solution client already possesses but doesn’t recognise
-
Problem-Solving Approach
- Guide client in breaking down and solving prob in small steps
-
Strengths Model
- Tap on client’s inner resiliencies
How is the principle of Normalization practiced when working with PwDs?
- Make available to PwDs living conditions similar to those of general population
- Towards deinstitutionalization & community care
- Assistive Technology Fund
- 3rd EM: Improve QOL for PwDs
What is the difference between Impairment, Disability, Handicap?
-
Impairment (Objective)
- Temporary or permanent loss of psych or physio function
-
Disability (Objective)
- When impairment affects performance of common everyday activities + reduced prospects
- Whether impariment → disability depends on env opps (eg: spectacles)
-
Handicap (Subjective Value Judgment)
- That impairment / disability profoundly affects the whole person
What is illness?
- The patient’s subjective interpretation and response to an objective disease
- Defined by culture, gender, age
- Trajectory – Changes over time
- When complex, can affect many areas of patient’s life
-
Biopsychosocial Intervention Model
- Holistic – Considers the impact of disease on the patient’s surrounding systems (systems perspective)
- Sensitive – Considers meaning of illness to patient beyond the physical impairment + his aspirations
What is the purpose of Medical Social Work?
- Enable total care and treatment of patient
- Address social and emotional factors so medical treatment and preventive efforts can succeed
- Help patients navigate healthcare setting
- Restore patient’s dignity during stressful & vulnerable time
Thus requires knowledge of illness & its psychosocial impact
What is the definition of a Mental Disorder?
- Changes in a person’s thinking, behaviour and emotional state
- Disrupts person’s ability to work + maintain personal r/s
Not major killers but major causes of long-term disability
What is the WHO’s definition of Health?
- Complete physical + mental + social well-being
- And not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the Life Course Perspective (Adulthood) to understanding the impact of disability on individual and family?
- Difficulty finding employment post SPED school
- 2010 CNA documentary: Pathlight reported less than 20% of its graduated students find employment. With waiting list for DACs, may lose skills acquired earlier in SPED school.
- Difficult for caregiver parents and siblings to fulfil their own life-stage needs
- Stress of LT permanency planning for parents
- Limited community resources
- Siblings have their own needs to fulfil
- Special Needs Trust Company, CPF Special Needs Saving Scheme
How can illness affect the psychosocial realms beyond the biological realm? (Biopsychosocial model)
- Affect self-image
- ∵ Prevailing stigma towards disease
- ∵ Forced dependency on relatives and society
- Affect power dynamics in the family (eg: sick person may gain power)
- Cause secondary mental health issues (eg: mental health, chemical dependency)
What is the Life Course Perspective (Early Childhood) to understanding the impact of disability on individual and family?
- Delays in achieving developmental milestones→ Detection → Coming to terms → Negotiating family r/s and roles → Financial planning
-
Family members should not be perceived as mere resources to meet the needs of the PwD; they have their own individual developmental needs to first fulfil to better meet the needs of their loved one with disability
- Day Activity Centres allow family to continue being economically productive
What is the Life Course Perspective (Schoolgoing age) to understanding the impact of disability on individual and family?
- Impairment and disability are added burdens in search for an identity and self-worth
- Difficult to integrate child with disability into mainstream education due to logistical challenges
Why is Medical Social Work multidisciplinary?
- MSW acts as patient’s advocate while communicating / coordinating / collaborating with
- Other healthcare professionals
- Family members
- Hospital admin
- Community agencies
- Gives input independently as a team member; does not work with other professionals towards an agreed outcome (interdisciplinary)
What are the functions of and settings where Social Work is practiced in Mental Health?
- Functions
- Help patient cope + improve quality of life + eliminate social conditions that negatively affect him
- Work with family members
- Settings
- Inpatient and outpatient hospital services
- Community (eg: SAMH, IMH CHAT & APCATS – Aged Psychiatry Community Assessment and Treatment Service)
- Workplace
According to the 2016 Singapore Mental Health Study, what are the 3 mental disorders with the highest lifetime prevalence?
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) – 6.3%
- Alcohol Abuse – 4.1%
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – 3.6%
