Health Promotion & Growth/Development Flashcards
Peds test #1 (43 cards)
Wellness visits schedule
newborn, 1, 2, 4, 6 (q3 months starts): 9, 12, 15, 18months. (Q6 starts) 2 years, 2.5 years, 3 years (then yearly on out)
Infant Wellness visit
newborn, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months.
Infant Psychosocial & cognitive development theories
Erikson: trust vs mistrust- infant perceiving their mets being met by caregiver or not.
Piaget: sensorimotor stage- manipulate objects, cause/effect. Object permanence (by 8 months)- just bc it isn’t seen, doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist (hiding objects out of site- they will go look for them)
motor milestones: infancy
1 month: hold chin up from chest , relaxes fingers at rest
2 mo: holds head up when on stomach, moves arms and legs
4mo: head steady w/o support, hands to mouth, holds toys, pushes up on elbows,
6 mo: rolls from stomach to back, tripod position
9 mo: transfer objects from hand to hand, use full hand to rake food into mouth, sits without support
12 mo: pulls to stand, walks holding onto furniture, can drink from lidless cup (adult holding), use thumb and forefinger to grasp at food
infant cognitive milestones
2 mo: watch caregiver as they move, brief focus on toy
4mo: open mouth when sees bottle or breast if hungry, shows interest in hands
6mo: objects in mouth, reach for toys, close mouth when full
9 mo: looks for objects out of sight (permanence)
12mo: puts objects on container, looks for hidden objects
infant social/emotional milestones
1mo: looks at caregiver, calms down when picked up or spoken to
2mo: social smile (responds to smiles), seems happy to see caregiver
4mo: chuckles, copies some facial expressions, makes sounds to get attention
6mo: looks at self in mirror, knows familiar faces, laughs
9mo: likes “peek-a-boo”, many facial expressions, reacts when caregiver leaves, looks when name is called, stranger danger (8 mo)
12mo: can play simple games
Common infant ailments seen by PCP
-brief resolved unexplained events: cyanosis, pallor, irregular, slowed or absent breathing, hyper or hypotonia, altered level of responsiveness. Diaper rash, candidiasis (thrush of mouth, seborrhea (cradle cap- rash, scales on scalp = painless and not itchy), acne neonatorum (resolves within a few months), roseola- benign febrile exanthum- herpes, rash on trunk and neck, rose colored papule and macule, fever
Newborn Vaccines
-first yr of life they will receive: DTaP, Hib (H. flu), HEP B, Pneumococcal (PCV13), IPV (polio), Rotavirus (RV), flu
Newborn nutrition and progression
-breastfeeding Q2-3H or 8-12 times/day
-formula: newborn takes 2 oz Q2-3H, 4mo: 26-36 oz/day, 12mo: 30oz/day
-progress to solid foods around 6mo if ready: tongue extrusion reflex, increased milk intake or frequency, ability to sit in high chair with good head control. Start with iron-fortified cereals and other purees.
-no cows milk for 1 year, no honey or sugary foods, limit juices to 4oz/day
Newborn safety
increased mobility = increased risk for danger: wiggle off flat surfaces, falls, cords, cabinets, electrical outlets etc.
-suffocation- bed free of loose items, crib away from pull cords on curtains, no plastic bags
-electrocution- cover outlets, away from cords
-choking- keep small objects away, clean floor, cut food into small pieces (high risk foods: popcorn, carrots, hard candy, grapes, marshmallows, hot dogs)
-burns- dont carry hot liquids while holding infant, dont leave hot beverages on coffee tables
-poisoning, drowning, car seat rear facing
-SIDS (RF: low birthweight, maternal smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, sleep on soft surfaces, loose bedding, co-sleeping)
Toddler (12-36 mo) psychosocial, cognitive and moral development
Erikson (psychosocial): autonomy vs. shame & doubt - learn to do some things on their own, parents must establish firm rules to prevent harm
piaget (cognitive): sensorimotor (up to 2 yrs) and peroperational (begins at 2 yrs)- manipulates object to learn and begins to imitate others
Kohlberg (moral): pre conventional- learning obedience to avoid punishment, not focused on right and wrong
Toddler activity:
-learning to walk- bowed legs and flat feet
-improved hand/eye
-feed themselves, stack blocks, manipulate smaller objects
Toddler cognitive development milestones
15mo: use objects for intended use, stack two small objects
18mo: copies adult chores (sweeping with broom), plays with toys purposefully
24-30mo: holds something in one hand while doing something with the other, uses knobs and switches on toys, plays with more than one toy at a time- uses toys to pretend. simple prob-solving skills, two-step instruction following, knows at least one color
36mo: avoids touching hot objects when warned, copies a circle
toddler mvmt/physical development
15mo: takes a few steps on own, feeds self with fingers
18mo: walks independently, push/pull toys when walking, scribbles, drinks from cup w/o lid, attempts to use spoon, climbs on couch/chair independently
24-30mo: runs, kicks ball, walks up and down stairs, uses spoon, turns doorknobs, takes some clothes off by themselves, jumps with both feet, turns pages
36mo: use fork, string items together like beads, puts some clothes on by themselves, walks up and down stairs with one foot on each step
toddler social/emotional development
15mo: hug caregiver, points to things they want, claps, copies other children
18mo: points to show something interesting, extends hands to be washed, looks at book pages, may move away from caregiver but makes sure they’re close- separation anxiety
24-30 mo: notice when others are upset, looks to caregiver to determine how to act in new situations, plays with other children, simple routines. fears, security object
36mo: share and play with other kids, separates easily from caregiver
Toddler Vaccines
MMR, Varicella, HEP A
Toddler safety
burns, falls, poisoning, choking, drowning, firearm safety, rear-facing carseat until 2yrs old
Nutrition
-picky eating- food jags (fixating on food and then refusing it)
-cows milk okay
-avoid processed foods, fast food, sugar
toddler developmental concerns
-potty training- signs of readiness include diaper remains dry for 2H at a time, words for urine and stool, bringing a clean diaper to the caregiver to be changed.
-temper tantrums
-regression of acquired developmental skills due to stress, change in routine or illness: new sibling, new day care or home, hospitalization
-limit media
Toddler health problems
- atopic dermatitis- eczema
- common cold
- acute otitis media- ear infection
Preschooler (3-6yrs) psychosocial, cognitive, moral development
Erikson (psychosocial): initiative vs guilt: plans and initiates activities, wants to please caregiver, asserts self, makes up games. feels guilt if excluded from activities above their level
Piaget (cognitive): pre- operational: egocentrism (can’t perceive others having a different point of view) and transductive reasoning that connects to unrelated events via cause and effect. Magical thinking. knows right from wrong
Kohlberg (Moral): pre-conventional: understand right from wrong- learn how to deal with angry feelings (unwanted behavior may occur- hitting or biting)
Preschooler Cognitive milestones
3yo: draws circle when shown how, takes hand away from hot stove
4yo: knows first and last names, can memorize address, can count to 10 or higher, knows at least 4 colors, begins to understand time (before/after)
5yo: draws person with 3 or more body parts, tells what comes next in a story, names several colors, uses fork and spoon
preschooler mvmt/physical development
3yo: use fork, put loose clothing on independently, strings large items together
4yo: unbuttons some buttons, catches bounced ball, grasps pencil with thumb and finger, feeds self
5yo: buttons some buttons, hops on one foot
preschooler social/emotional milestones
3yo: calms down within 10min of caregiver leaving. notice other children and will join
4yo: likes to do new things, creative/imaginitive play (with other children too), able to cooperate, talks about interests, comforts other children, likes to help
5yo: follows simple directions, wants to please friends, discovers gender differences, distinguish between real and make-believe, likely to follow rules, simple chores
