immunology, oncology, hematology Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
B cell
A
2
Q
T cell
A
3
Q
immunoglobulins
A
4
Q
Differences in immune systems: peds vs adults
A
5
Q
primary immunodeficiency
A
patho:
warning signs:
tx:
nursing consider:
6
Q
secondary immunodeficiency
A
patho:
warning signs:
tx:
nursing consider:
7
Q
Pediatric HIV
A
transmission:
s/s:
dx:
nurse mgmt/consider:
8
Q
systemic lupus erythematosus
A
9
Q
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
A
10
Q
allergic rhinitis
A
11
Q
atopic dermatitis
A
12
Q
food intolerance vs allergy
A
13
Q
anaphylaxis
A
recognition:
tx:
nursing consider:
family edu:
14
Q
childhood vs adult cancers
A
15
Q
manifestations of cancer
A
s/s:
dx:
16
Q
caring for children with cancer
A
whos involved:
priority focuses:
tx: chemo phases, bone marrow suppression
supporting growth and development
nutrition:
17
Q
care of a dying child
A
considerations
referrals:
interventions from hospice
18
Q
radiation therapy complications
A
tx
nursing care
outcomes:
19
Q
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
A
tx
nursing care
outcomes:
20
Q
graft vs host
A
21
Q
oncological emergencies
A
22
Q
tumor lysis syndrome
A
23
Q
typhitis
A
24
Q
superior vena cava syndrome
A
25
increased ICP emergency
26
hematologic emergency
27
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
patho: most common form of cancer in US children- cancer of WBC that are immature and proliferate. lymphoblasts are unable to function correctly, this high number stops the bone marrow from producing adequate numbers of RBCs and PLT
location: blood
presentation: fatigue, pallor, anorexia, low-grade fever. bone pain, bruising, petechiae, and hepatosplenomegaly
assessment/dx: CBC with differential, bone marrow biopsy, LP
tx: 3 phases over 2-3 yrs:
- phase 1 is induction and lasts for 4 weeks- induce remission
-phase 2- consolidation- systemic chemo and CNS prophylaxis to eradicate leukemic cells in the CNS- multiple rounds = multiple LP
-phase 3- maintenance- lasts 2-3 years- intense rounds of chemo- goal is to eliminate remaining disease.
nursing care/considerations: pain mgmt, nutrition, fever is absent, n/v controlled with meds, no s/s of bleeding, CBC is normal.
28
Acute Myelogenous leukemia- AML
patho: bone marrow produces excessive number of myeloblasts that are nonfunctioning- depletion of WBC, RBC and PLT
location: bone marrow
presentation: subQ nodules, DIC symptoms, and similar s/s to ALL
assessment/dx: bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration
tx: chemo, stem cell transplant, bone marrow
nursing care/considerations: treat side effects of aggressive chemo
29
hodgkin lymphoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
30
non-hodgkin lymphoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
31
brain tumors
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
32
neuroblastoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
33
wilms tumor
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
34
retinoblastoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
35
osteosarcoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
36
ewing sarcoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
37
rhabdomyosarcoma
patho:
location:
presentation:
assessment/dx:
tx:
nursing care/considerations
38
Iron-deficient anemia
patho: most common anemia- inadequate absorption (intake, disease) or increased iron requirements (growth spurts) and blood loss. impaired iron carrying capacity of RBC
- strictly breastfed babies for >6months are at higher risk, needing supplementation
s/s: may be asymptomatic. often discovered at 12mo well-visit check, when screening is recommended. could include fatigue, generalized pallor, pallor of the conjunctiva and mucosa, irritability and feeding problems in infants. severe (hgb < 5mg/dL) anorexia, lethargy, and systolic heart murmur
tx: oral iron supplementation (liquid or pill)- monitor for induced GI upset- black, tarry stools. give with vitamin C for better absorption
how its r/t lead poisoning
39
aplastic anemia
condition of complete bone marrow suppression or failure that produces pancytopenia (RBC, WBC and PLT are low or absent)- red marrow replaced by yellow substance
s/s: skeletal defects of arms/hips/legs/toes/fingers and spine, distorted bones, polydactyly, and scoliosis.
GI issues: kidney deformity/missing, hypospadias, testes fail to descend, bladder issues, sexual dysfunction.
sensory: deafness and malformation of eyelid or ear. cafe au last spots, VSD, short stature
tx: bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, immune system suppression
40
hemoglobinopathies
41
sickle cell disease
autosomal recessive trait- results in abnormally shaped RBC
-prone to clotting bc the cells stick to each other more easily
42
thalassemia
autosomal recessive trait on the Hgb molecule. results in an unstable cell membrane which causes the hgb molecule to disintegrate easily in circulation- erythroblasts are destroyed
RF: mediterranean, middle eastern and asian descent.
s/s: hyperplasia of bone marrow, maxillary and frontal bone changes,
43
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
44
hemophilia A
most common form of hemophilia, x-linked recessive disorder.
s/s: low/absent coagulation factor, can't clot.frequent hemorrhage.
