health science study guide

Question 1

8 blood types

Answer 1

A+, B+, A-, B-, AB+, AB-, O-, O+

Question 2

universal donor

Answer 2

O-/ O neg

Question 3

universal receiver

Answer 3

AB +

Question 4

what is physiology

Answer 4

the study of body function

Question 5

directional planes

Answer 5

frontal plane, transverse plane, sagittal plane

Question 6

homeostasis

Answer 6

process that helps living things maintain stable conditions for survival

Question 7

what is the function of the hypothalamus

Answer 7

to keep your body in a stable state

Question 8

shingles disease

Answer 8

reactive chicken pox virus in the body causing painful rash

Question 9

what are the organ systems in the human body

Answer 9

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive

Question 10

what is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

controls bodily functions that are not consciously directed
ex: breathing, heart beat

Question 11

what are organic compounds

Answer 11

molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms. include carbohydrates, proteins and fats or lipids

Question 12

the function of the hippocampus

Answer 12

memory, learning

Question 13

what is pericarditis

Answer 13

the swelling and irritation of thin saclike membrane surrounding the heart causing chest pain

Question 14

what minerals are stored in the bones

Answer 14

calcium and phosphorus

Question 15

what is osteomyelitis

Answer 15

bone infection; inflammation of a bone caused by infection, generally through the arm, leg or spine

Question 16

functions of the skeletal system

Answer 16

provides movement and shape, produces blood cells and provides protection for organs and stored minerals

Question 17

normal body temperature

Answer 17

98.6 F or 37 C

Question 18

blood pressure for human

Answer 18

120/80

Question 19

normal heart rate

Answer 19

60-100 bpm

Question 20

what is ringworm disease

Answer 20

skin infection (usually rash) caused by a fungal infection

Question 21

what is the disease psoriasis

Answer 21

a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches. most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp

Question 22

what is a tumor

Answer 22

abnormal mass of tissue that gives a general amount of swelling and imflammation

Question 23

impetigo disease

Answer 23

skin infection that causes highly contagious red sores

Question 24

what is the Hippocratic oath

Answer 24

obligations of proper conduct (“do no harm”)

Question 25

when were CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasound imaging invented

Answer 25

ct scans were invented in 1961, MRI's were in 1971, and ultrasound was in 1956

Question 26

when did humans start to develop antibiotics

Answer 26

1890s

Question 27

who was joseph lister

Answer 27

was the man who developed sterilization to prevent infection before and after surgery through the process of antisepsis

Question 28

why does the medical insignia include a symbol of a snake

Answer 28

it originates from the story of Asclepius who was revered by the ancient greek as a god of healing whose cult included the use of snakes

Question 29

who was Robert koch

Answer 29

one of the founders of bacteriology(study of bacteria)

Question 30

how do you obtain consent from an unconscious patient to perform CPR

Answer 30

if they are unconscious consent is applied

Question 31

steps for performing first aid

Answer 31

1. check the scene for safety 2.check for responsiveness. if responsive ask for consent 3. if a person appears unresponsive check for a response 4. if a person is not responsive call 911 or have another bystander call 911 5. kneel beside the person and prep for CPR 6. give 30 compressions 7. give 2 breaths 8. continue CPR till the ambulance arrives or you are supplied with an AED

Question 32

what are the abcs of assessing a patient

Answer 32

airway, breathing, circulation

Question 33

what are the steps for controlling the bleed

Answer 33

1. apply direct pressure 2. raise injured area if needed 3. keep foreign objects inside the wound 4.keep patient at total rest 5. if blood leaks through the pressure pad and bandage apply another pressure pad and bandage. use tourniquet if absolutely needed

Question 34

what are the routes of medication administration

Answer 34

oral inhalation injection intravenous intramuscular

Question 35

what is pharmacognosy

Answer 35

the study of drugs made from natural sources such as plants and animals

Question 36

what is pharmacokinetics

Answer 36

study of the four processes that affect plasma concentration in drugs

Question 37

what are the mechanisms of action of medications

Answer 37

binding and stimulating, binding and blocking, inhibiting, decreasing the movement

Question 38

what are bradycardia and tachycardia

Answer 38

bradycardia - slow heart rate tachycardia - fast heart rate

Question 39

what is apnea

Answer 39

no breathing

Question 40

what are arrhythmias

Answer 40

irregular heartbeats

Question 41

what is an advanced directive

Answer 41

written statement of a persons wishes regarding medical treatment

Question 42

what is the purpose of HIPPA

Answer 42

protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without patient consent or knowledge

Question 43

what are the main structures of nerve cells?

Answer 43

dendrites, axon, soma node of ranvier, axon terminal, schwann cell myelin sheath, nucleas

Question 44

what are the vertebrae in the body

Answer 44

cervical spine thoracic spine lumbar spine sacral spine tail bone(coccyx)

Question 45

how many vertebrae are in the human body

Answer 45

33