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health science study guide Flashcards

1
Q

8 blood types

A

A+, B+, A-, B-, AB+, AB-, O-, O+

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2
Q

universal donor

A

O-/ O neg

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3
Q

universal receiver

A

AB +

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4
Q

what is physiology

A

the study of body function

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5
Q

directional planes

A

frontal plane, transverse plane, sagittal plane

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6
Q

homeostasis

A

process that helps living things maintain stable conditions for survival

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7
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A

to keep your body in a stable state

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8
Q

shingles disease

A

reactive chicken pox virus in the body causing painful rash

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9
Q

what are the organ systems in the human body

A

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive

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10
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

controls bodily functions that are not consciously directed
ex: breathing, heart beat

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11
Q

what are organic compounds

A

molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms. include carbohydrates, proteins and fats or lipids

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12
Q

the function of the hippocampus

A

memory, learning

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13
Q

what is pericarditis

A

the swelling and irritation of thin saclike membrane surrounding the heart causing chest pain

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14
Q

what minerals are stored in the bones

A

calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

bone infection; inflammation of a bone caused by infection, generally through the arm, leg or spine

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16
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

provides movement and shape, produces blood cells and provides protection for organs and stored minerals

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17
Q

normal body temperature

A

98.6 F or 37 C

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18
Q

blood pressure for human

A

120/80

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19
Q

normal heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

20
Q

what is ringworm disease

A

skin infection (usually rash) caused by a fungal infection

21
Q

what is the disease psoriasis

A

a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches. most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp

22
Q

what is a tumor

A

abnormal mass of tissue that gives a general amount of swelling and imflammation

23
Q

impetigo disease

A

skin infection that causes highly contagious red sores

24
Q

what is the Hippocratic oath

A

obligations of proper conduct (“do no harm”)

25
Q

when were CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasound imaging invented

A

ct scans were invented in 1961, MRI’s were in 1971, and ultrasound was in 1956

26
Q

when did humans start to develop antibiotics

A

1890s

27
Q

who was joseph lister

A

was the man who developed sterilization to prevent infection before and after surgery through the process of antisepsis

28
Q

why does the medical insignia include a symbol of a snake

A

it originates from the story of Asclepius who was revered by the ancient greek as a god of healing whose cult included the use of snakes

29
Q

who was Robert koch

A

one of the founders of bacteriology(study of bacteria)

30
Q

how do you obtain consent from an unconscious patient to perform CPR

A

if they are unconscious consent is applied

31
Q

steps for performing first aid

A
  1. check the scene for safety
    2.check for responsiveness. if responsive ask for consent
  2. if a person appears unresponsive check for a response
  3. if a person is not responsive call 911 or have another bystander call 911
  4. kneel beside the person and prep for CPR
  5. give 30 compressions
  6. give 2 breaths
  7. continue CPR till the ambulance arrives or you are supplied with an AED
32
Q

what are the abcs of assessing a patient

A

airway, breathing, circulation

33
Q

what are the steps for controlling the bleed

A
  1. apply direct pressure
  2. raise injured area if needed
  3. keep foreign objects inside the wound
    4.keep patient at total rest
  4. if blood leaks through the pressure pad and bandage apply another pressure pad and bandage. use tourniquet if absolutely needed
34
Q

what are the routes of medication administration

A

oral
inhalation
injection
intravenous
intramuscular

35
Q

what is pharmacognosy

A

the study of drugs made from natural sources such as plants and animals

36
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

study of the four processes that affect plasma concentration in drugs

37
Q

what are the mechanisms of action of medications

A

binding and stimulating, binding and blocking, inhibiting, decreasing the movement

38
Q

what are bradycardia and tachycardia

A

bradycardia - slow heart rate
tachycardia - fast heart rate

39
Q

what is apnea

A

no breathing

40
Q

what are arrhythmias

A

irregular heartbeats

41
Q

what is an advanced directive

A

written statement of a persons wishes regarding medical treatment

42
Q

what is the purpose of HIPPA

A

protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without patient consent or knowledge

43
Q

what are the main structures of nerve cells?

A

dendrites, axon, soma

node of ranvier, axon terminal, schwann cell

myelin sheath, nucleas

44
Q

what are the vertebrae in the body

A

cervical spine
thoracic spine
lumbar spine
sacral spine
tail bone(coccyx)

45
Q

how many vertebrae are in the human body

A

33

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