Health & Wellness Flashcards
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease and infirmity.
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)
Includes domains that are related to physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning and the social context in which people live.
Well-Being
Physical, mental, and social aspects of a person’s life.
Health-Related Quality of Life & Well-Being
Self-rated physical and mental health
Overall well-being
Participation in society
determinants of individual-level well-being
Genes and Personality
Age and Gender
Income and Work
Relationships
Well-being defined
Physical well-being. Economic well-being. Social well-being. Development and activity. Emotional well-being. Psychological well-being. Life satisfaction. Domain specific satisfaction. Engaging activities and work.
Illness-Wellness Continuum
Wellness is a process, never a static state.
(L to R)Pre-Mature Death: Disability; Symptoms; Signs - Treatment Paradigm & Wellness Paradigm
(R to L)High-Level Wellness: Growth; Education; Awareness - Wellness Paradigm
Chronic Disease
1- Hypertension (blood pressure) 2- Diabetes 3- Obesity 4- Cardiovascular Disease (heart disease & stroke) 5- Metabolic Syndrome
Hypertension/prehypertension, blood pressure
Systolic/diastolic = 120/80
High blood pressure 130/80 or 140/90 = hypertension = heart disease, heart attack, stroke
Prehypertension = 120-130 or 139/80-89
Preventing High Blood Pressure
1 - Getting at least 150 minutes of physical activity each week (about 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week)
2 - Not smoking
3 - Eating a healthy diet, including limiting sodium and alcohol
4 - Keeping a healthy weight
5 - Managing stress
Diabetes/pre-diabetes, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c
Type 1 Diabetes: Family history & Age: You can get type 1 diabetes at any age, but it’s more likely to develop when you’re a child, teen, or young adult.
Type 2 Diabetes: Have prediabetes, Are overweight, Are 45 +, Have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes, Are physically active less than 3 times a week, Have ever had gestational diabetes, Are African American, Hispanic/Latino American, American Indian, or Alaska Native
Prediabetes: same as type 2 above
Symptoms: Urinate a lot, Are very thirsty, Lose weight without trying, Are very hungry, Have blurry vision, Have numb or tingling hands or feet, Feel very tired, Have very dry skin, Have sores that heal slowly, Have more infections than usual
Fasting Glucose: <99 normal; 100-125 prediabetes; 126+ diabetes
A1c: <5.7% normal; 5.7-6.4% prediabetes; 6.4%+ diabetes
Overweight & obesity
BMI
Waist Circumference
Obesity: High blood pressure, High LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, or high levels of triglycerides (Dyslipidemia), Type 2 diabetes, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Gallbladder disease, Osteoarthritis, Sleep apnea and breathing problems, Many types of cancers, Low quality of life, Mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders
BMI: Underweight <18.5; Normal = 18.5-24.9; Overweight = 25-29.9; Obese=30+
Waist Circumference: low risk= M<37/W<31.5; intermediate risk=M37.1-39.9/W31.6-34.9; high risk=M40+/W35+
Measures visceral fat: located around the internal organs and causes overactivity of the body’s stress response mechanisms, which raise blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and cardiac risk.
Cardiovascular Disease
Heart Disease Symptoms - Chest pain or discomfort; Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint; Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back; Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders; Shortness of breath; unusual or unexplained tiredness and nausea or vomiting(Women)
Heart Disease Risk Factors - high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking
Stroke Symptoms - Sudden numbness; Sudden confusion; Sudden trouble seeing; Sudden trouble walking,; Sudden severe headache
Stroke Risk Factors -
CONDITIONS: previous stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, sickle cell disease
BEHAVIOR: Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, obesity, too much alcohol, tobacco use
FAMILY HISTORY: Age (older), Sex (women), Race/Ethnicity (POC)
Metabolic Syndrome
Arthritis
Inflammation
Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors: Large waistline (M40+/W35+), high triglyceride levels (150+), low HDL (M<40/W<50), High blood pressure (130/85+), high fasting blood sugar (100+)
Arthritis: Osteoarthritis (most common); Rheumatoid (autoimmune & inflammatory disease)
Arthritis Risk Factors: Obesity, infection, joint injuries, occupation, smoking
Fibromyalgia: pain all over body; sensitivity to pain
Inflammation: acute healthy response to injury; chronic causes problems over time associated with chronic disease - anti-inflammatory diets can be helpful
Lipid Abnormalities
Lipid Panels
LDL (bad) & HDL (good) & Triglycerides (fat in blood) = Total Cholesterol
Total Cholesterol: < 200mg
LDL: < 100
HDL:> 60
Triglycerides: <150
Risks:
Conditions - Diabetes, obesity
Behaviors - diet high saturated and trans fat; lack physical activity; smoking
Family history
