Hearing And Balance

Question 1

What does the middle ear do?

Answer 1

Transforms acoustic energy from air to fluid

Acts as a sound amplifier

Question 2

How does the middle ear accomplish its function

Answer 2

The tympanic membrane

Lever action of the ossicular chain (the middle ear bones)

Question 3

What is otitis media with effusion also called?

Answer 3

Glue ear

Question 4

What’s the physiological problem in glue ear?

Answer 4

The movement of the tympanic movement

Question 5

S+S of otitis media

Answer 5

Conductive hearing loss

Question 6

What is the impact on hearing of a small perforation

Answer 6

Variable

May not be a great impact

Question 7

What’s the indication for repair of a perforation?

Answer 7

Recurrent infection

Question 8

What is the maximal hearing loss that can occur due to a subtotal perforation?

Answer 8

If sensineural function is maintained, maximal heart g loss is 60dB

Question 9

What causes otosclerosis?

Answer 9

Deposition of new bone in the footplate of where stapes fits in oval window
Reduces movement of stapes movement causing conductive hearing loss

Question 10

Conductive vs sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 10

Conductive= something that stops the noise from going in. Damage in the outer or inner ear

Sensorineural=inner ear damage. Damage to the cochlea or the nerves which supply the special sense

Question 11

Perilymph is high in ? And low in ?

Answer 11

High in potassium

Low in sodium

Question 12

What is the Weber test a test of?

Answer 12

Lateralisation

Question 13

In which ear will you hear the loudest in the Weber test?

Answer 13

The ear thats got the hearing loss

Question 14

What does the Rhine test test?

Answer 14

Compares loudness of perceived air conduction to bone conduction

Question 15

What does the colour red or a circle denote on audiometery?

Answer 15

Right

Question 16

What does the colour blue or a cross denote on audiometery?

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

How is bone conduction written in audiometry?

Answer 17

Open boxes

Question 18

What does tympanography measure?

Answer 18

Measures the pressure within the middle ear and mobility of the eardrum

Question 19

How does tympanography work?

Answer 19

Pushes pressure into the canal which makes eardrum move back and forth

Question 20

What’re otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)?

Answer 20

Sounds given off by the inner ear when the cochlea is stimulated by sound

Question 21

What happens to the outer hair cells when sound stimulates the the cochlea?

Answer 21

They vibrate

Question 22

What do people with hearing loss not produce?

Answer 22

OAEs

Question 23

What is a bone anchored hearing aid?

Answer 23

Osseous integrated screw into skull
Microphone and amplifier clip onto an abutment or attach by magnet
Sound conducts through skull to cochlea

Question 24

Who would use a BAHA?

Answer 24

Those who’s anatomy makes it difficult to use a conventional hearing aid eg persistent otitis externa or EAC atresia

Question 25

What’s the utricle?

Answer 25

Serves as a base for 3 semi circular canals | Utricle is sensitive to horizontal acceleration

Question 26

What’s the saccule do?

Answer 26

Sensitive to vertical acceleration

Question 27

What’s the ampullae?

Answer 27

Expanded areas at the end of the semi circular canals | Contain the crista

Question 28

What’s the crista ampullaris?

Answer 28

Found in each one of the semi circular canals | 3 pairs per ear in total

Question 29

What does the crista ampullaris sense?

Answer 29

Angular acceleration and rotation

Question 30

What is the stimulus for the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Answer 30

Movement of the crista

Question 31

What is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Answer 31

The stabilisation of gaze by moving eyes in order to compensate for head and body movement Fixes the image on the retina for clear sight

Question 32

Ix for BPPV?

Answer 32

Dix hallpike

Question 33

What is BPPV?

Answer 33

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 34

What causes BPPV?

Answer 34

Loose otoconia move out of utricle into semicircular canals | When moving the head, the otoconia move in the canal and stimulate the cristae and provoke vertigo and nystagmus

Question 35

What is nystagmus?

Answer 35

Rapid and involuntary movements of the eyes

Question 36

In which semicircular canal are otoconia most common?

Answer 36

Posterior

Question 37

Tx for BPPV?

Answer 37

Epley manoeuvre

Question 38

S+S of BPPV

Answer 38

Acute onset vertigo | Nausea and vomiting

Question 39

Is hearing loss common in BPPV?

Answer 39

Nope

Question 40

What does the histological evidence point to with BPPV?

Answer 40

Viral damage of vestibular nerve rather than the sensory cells of the labyrinth Similar to Bell’s palsy

Question 41

What’s the classic triad of Ménière’s disease?

Answer 41

Vertigo Tinnitus Unilateral hearing loss

Question 42

What type of hearing loss is associated with meniere’s?

Answer 42

Unilateral sensorineural

Question 43

What can a migraine affect?

Answer 43

Balance

Question 44

How long does the vertigo associated with Ménière’s disease usually last for?

Answer 44

30 mins-24 hours