Hearing And Taste + Movement Flashcards
(20 cards)
How are senses organised ?
- they respond to biologically relevant stimulus —-> specialised
- they evolved to give useful info
Chemical senses: tasting system
- taste buds grouped in papillae on tounge
- no, of fungiform papillae affect peoples sensitivity to all tastes
- many papillae= high sensitivity
-1 toast bud has 50 receptor cells
- behave like neurones
- release NT to excite nearby Neurons
Functions of the tounge
- Taste
- Touch
How does the brain encode taste?
- Taste nerves—> 2. Medulla —> 3. Insula / Somatosensory cortex
How do we dented smell?
Olfactory receptor cells— in a nasal cavity, for many different chemicals
Olfactory bulb— processes the info
What is Olfaction ?
Sense of smell
- important for toxic substances
What is sound waved
periodic compressions, causing vibrations
What is frequency ?
No. Of compressions per time — pitch
What is amplitude ?
Intensity of sound wave— loudness
How are sound waved detected ?
- Pinna (outer ear)
- Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
- Cochlea (fluid filled tunnel)
- Vibrations displace hair cells in cochlea
- Auditory nerve (bundle)
Where is sound processed?
- Ear
- Cochlea nucleus
- Primary auditory cortex
Why can we distinguish between frequencies?
Snail-shape
Why can we distinguish between frequencies ? Place theory
Each area of basilar membrane refers to specific pitch
But areas= too tightly linked to resonate
Why can we distinguish between frequencies? Frequency theory
Vibrations of basilar membrane = in sync with sound waves
But, neurons cant fire quick enough
Primary auditory cortex:
- neighbouring cells respond to neighbouring frequencies
What is conductive deafness ?
Damage of bones in middle of ear
-temporary if treated
- caused by disease + tumours + infections
-happens at any age
What Is nerve deafness?
Damage to cochlea, hair cells, auditory nerve
-early in life (inherited)
How do we locate sounds?
- Difference in time of arrival
- Difference in intensity
- Phase difference in sound waves
Humans = highly specialised yearning system
What does the vestibular organ do?
Detects position + movement of head (crucial for balance)
Has 3 semicircular canals, filled with jelly-like substance
Vestibular sensation process:
- Head moves
- Jelly-like substance moves
- Calcium-carbonate particles move against hair cells
- Brain stem
- Cerebellum
What do sensory systems respond to?
Biologically relevant stimuli
