Movement: Movement + Movement Disorders

Question 1

Types of movement disorders:

Answer 1

Huntington’s disease
Parkinson’s disease

Both neurodegenrative (death of neurons on brain)

Question 2

Huntington’s disease

Answer 2

• ages 30-50
• genetic influence
• motor disorders: arms jerk, face twitch, severe body movements
• psychological disorders: depression, anxiety, hallucinations
• gradual brain damage: 1st basal ganglia, the cerebellum and cerebral cortex

Question 3

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 3

• over 65
• genetic (20 genes increase risk)
• exposed to toxins
• motor disorders: tremor, slowness
• cognitive disorders: difficulty imagining movement/ events

Question 4

How do we move?

Answer 4

Brain —> spinal cord —> skeletal muscles

Question 5

Movement: Cerebral cortex

Answer 5

• controls complex movements (voluntary actions)
• map of areas of body movements: stimulationa at each spot causes specific movement (and thinking about them)

Question 6

What is in the cerebral cortex, relating to movement?

Answer 6

Posterior parietal cortex:
- planning + initiating movement
- monitors position of body in space

Supplementary motor cortex + prefrontal cortex:
- planning + rapid sequence of movement

Question 7

What is the Neuromuscular Junction?

Answer 7

Synapse of muscle fibre + motor neuron axons

Each muscle fibre is innervated by 1 motor neuron axon

Question 8

Skeletal muscles

Answer 8

• control movements of body in relation to envioremt
• acetylcholine erased by axons—> muscle contraction —> acetylcholine absese—> muscle relaxation
• muscles move in only one direction
• movement to ther direction requires antagonist muscle