Hearing - Diagnostic Audiology Flashcards

(20 cards)

1
Q

Assessment protocol

A

Case history
Otoscopy
Physiological measures
Behavioural measures
Functional auditory assessments
Developmental screenings

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2
Q

Otoscopy

A

Visualises the pinna, ear canal and TM. Ensures there is no contraindications of inserting probe into ear.

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3
Q

Otoscopies can identify:

A

Discharge
Swollen ear canal
Wax blockage
Foreign body

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4
Q

Physiological measures

A

Evoked responses (Auditory brainstem response, ABR)
Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)
Immitance audiometry

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5
Q

ABRs

A

Measures brain activity in response to sound. Provides an estimate of hearing in each ear. Need to test with both air/bone conduction.

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6
Q

OAEs

A

Low intensity sounds originating from OHCs of healthy cochlea.

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7
Q

OAEs present indicates

A

Mild HL, ANSD, or normal hearing.

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8
Q

OAEs absent indicates

A

Fluid in middle ear or SNHL.

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9
Q

Limitations of OAEs include

A

Middle ear status
Noise in room
Patient noise
Debris in ear canal

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10
Q

Immitance audiometry

A

Provides information on integrity of middle ear system. Uses high frequencies to elicit middle ear muscle reflex and acoustic reflex.

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11
Q

Tympanometry

A

Measures compliance of middle ear when air pressure changes.

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12
Q

Tympanometry measures:

A

Statistic compliance - how much ear drum is moving.
ECV volume - whether volume is normal, small (indicates blockage) or large (indicates perforation).
Middle ear pressure - pressure in ME should be roughly equal to outside ear pressure (0).

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13
Q

Acoustic reflex threshold (ART)

A

Lowest possible intensity needed to elicit middle ear muscle contraction.

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14
Q

Measuring acoustic reflex helps to:

A

Differentiate between middle ear and cochlea vs auditory nerve problems.
Middle ear problem - absent or elevated acoustic reflex.
Auditory nerve pathology - elevated or absent ARTs which do not align with HL.

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15
Q

Pure tone audiometry

A

Hearing test that uses pure tones at different frequencies.

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16
Q

Audiogram symbol - AC

A

Unmasked = circle (r) and x (l)
Masked = triangle (r) and square (l)

17
Q

Audiogram symbol - BC

A

Unmasked = < (r) and > (l)
Masked = [ (r) and ] (l)

18
Q

Audiogram - no response

A

Circle w/ arrow (r)
Cross w/ arrow (l)

19
Q

Reading an audiogram

A

-10 - 20 = normal hearing
20+ = HL
Air-bone gap = conductive or mixed.
No AB gap = sensorinerual
IF AB gap, BC status = normal is conductive, abnormal is mixed.

20
Q

Behavioural Observation Audiometry (BOA)

A

Can be used from 5-6 mo.
Looks at reflexive behaviours in response to sound.
Has high variability/range of acceptable responses.