Literacy

Question 1

Literacy is:

Answer 1

The ability to read or write. It encompasses decoding and encoding, reading comprehension and writing.

Question 2

Phonological Awareness

Answer 2

Ability to attend to and manipulate units of sound in spoken language.

Question 3

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 3

Perception and ability to manipulate individual sounds.

Question 4

Orthographic awareness

Answer 4

Knowledge of and ability to adhere to spelling conventions.

Question 5

Morphological awareness

Answer 5

Knowledge of smallest meaningful units and how they can be combined.

Question 6

Alphabetic principle

Answer 6

In English, written graphemes represent phonemes of spoken words.

Question 7

Word Reading development - 2 phases

Answer 7

Emergent literacy and conventional literacy.

Question 8

Word reading development - developmental periods

Answer 8

Pre reading (pre-alphabetic/literacy)
Early reading (partial alphabetic.
Decoding (full alphabetic).
Fluent reading (consolidated alphabetic).

Question 9

Skills for word reading

Answer 9

PA, naming speed, orthographic processing, morphological awareness and vocab.

Question 10

Skills for reading fluency

Answer 10

Decoding, language comprehension, naming speed, working memory.

Question 11

Reading comprehension development

Answer 11

Pre-reading - preschool/k.
Decoding - y1-2. PA and segmentation.
Automaticity - y2-4. Fluent reading.
Reading to learn - y4-8.
Reading for ideas - y8-12
Critical reading - tertiary.

Question 12

(Broad) Reading profiles

Answer 12

Poor comprehender = low language comprehension, but good decoding.
Poor reader = low language comprehension and decoding.
Skilled reader = good language comprehension and decoding.
Dyslexic reader = good language comprehension but poor decoding.

Question 13

Spelling competency requires

Answer 13

Phonological, orthographic and morphological knowledge.

Question 14

Writing milestones 1-5

Answer 14

Child notices writing (0-1)
Child engages w/ writing tools (1-2)
Engages w/ writing tools in exploratory way (1-3)
Creation of drawings meaningful to child (3-5)
Creates text like shapes (3-5)

Question 15

Writing milestones 6-10

Answer 15

Begins to explore writing own name (3-5)
Creation of drawings w/ text (3-5)
Creation of texts with purpose and audience, invented spelling, and can be interpreted (5-6)
Creation of meaningful texts (5-6)
Creation of increasingly complex texts, variety of text types etc (6-10).2

Question 16

Considerations for literacy ax selection:

Answer 16

What aspect of literacy is difficult (decoding, encoding, reading comp, writing).
Is literacy developing normally?

Question 17

Literacy development - decoding

Answer 17

Phonic knowledge developing in K (approx. 5y)
Reading fluency develops from K to years 3-4.
RF:
K = reads decodable text aloud w/ automaticity.
K-2 = sustains reading unseen texts w/ automaticity + prosody & SC.
3-4 = sustains independent reading w/ accuracy and automaticity.

Question 18

Literacy developing - encoding

Answer 18

K - applies phonological, orthographic and morphological generalisations and strategies to spell.
K-2 = applies P, O and M generalisations and strategies when spelling in a range of contexts.
3-4 = selects, applies and describes appropriate generalisations and strategies when spelling in different contexts.
5-6 = automatically applies generalisations and strategies when spelling, and can justify strategies used to spell unfamiliar words.