Heart 1

Question 1

How does the pericardium sac develop?

Answer 1

head fold

Question 2

Describe the fibrous layer of pericardium

Answer 2

• tough, inelastic layer that protects against overfilling
• fused to central tendon of diaphragm
• derived from body wall during lateral fold in early development

Question 3

What are the two layers to the serous portion of the pericardium?

Answer 3

parietal and visceral

Question 4

Describe the parietal layer of the serous portion of pericardium

Answer 4

fused to internal surface of fibrous layer of the pericardium (outer layer), another words the parietal layer is on the heart wall

Question 5

The visceral layer of the serous portion of pericardium is also known as what?

Answer 5

epicardium

Question 6

Describe the visceral layer of the serous portion of pericardium

Answer 6

• on the heart, a very thin, shiny layer, also known as capillary layer

Question 7

What are the two major outflow vessels of the heart?

Answer 7

pulmonary trunk

ascending aorta

Question 8

Would you find fluid in the pericardial cavity normally?

Answer 8

NO, visceral and parietal peritoneum should be together, if fluid is found, pericardiocentesis is performed

Question 9

When performing a pericardiocentesis, where should the needle be inserted?

Answer 9

1) subcostal/ infrasternal area
2) lingual and cardiac notch
If the needle goes too far and hits the heart, EKG will spike. Just back the needle up

Question 10

What is the apex of the heart?

Answer 10

left ventricle

Question 11

Where does the apex of the heart sit in relative to everything else?

Answer 11

• sits in cardiac notch with lingula of left lung around it

- 5th intercostal space

Question 12

What is the dermatome level of the nipple?

Answer 12

T4

Question 13

What are the surfaces of the heart?

Answer 13

1) sternocostal (anterior)
2) diaphragmatic (inferior)
3) pulmonary (left)

Question 14

What part of the heart is at the sternocostal surface?

Answer 14

(anterior)

right ventricle

Question 15

What part of the heart is at the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 15

(inferior)

both ventricles, primarily left

Question 16

What part of the heart is at the pulmonary surface?

Answer 16

(left)

left ventricle

Question 17

What is at the right border of the heart?

Answer 17

• right atrium

- 3rd costal cartilage to 6th costal cartilage

Question 18

What is at the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 18

• right ventricle and apex of left ventricle

- right 6th costal cartilage to left 5th intercostal space

Question 19

What is at the left border of the heart?

Answer 19

• left ventricle and left auricle

- left 5th intercostal space to left 2nd costal cartilage

Question 20

What is at the superior border of the heart?

Answer 20

• right and left auricles, conus arteriosus

- left 2nd costal cartilage to right 3rd costal cartilage

Question 21

What are the three cardiac grooves and sulci?

Answer 21

1) Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular)
2) anterior interventericular groove
3) posterior interventricular groove

Question 22

What is the groove between the atria and ventricle?

Answer 22

atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)
- crown of the heart and coronary arteries sit here

Question 23

What is the groove between the two ventricles?

Answer 23

anterior interventricular groove

interventricular septum is deep

Question 24

Where is the posterior interventricular groove?

Answer 24

posterior side of the heart that separates the two ventricles

Question 25

Everything above the diaphragm drains through this vessel

Answer 25

superior vena cava

Question 26

Everything below the diaphragm drains through this vessel

Answer 26

inferior vena cava

Question 27

Where is sinus venarum and what is its significance?

Answer 27

smooth surface located in the right atrium (smooth because it derived from a blood vessel)

Question 28

What is crista terminalis?

Answer 28

transition edge between sinus venarum and pectinate muscles in right atrium

Question 29

Where can you find pectinate muscles?

Answer 29

- anterior wall of right atrium | - right and left auricles

Question 30

What is the origin of pectinate muscles?

Answer 30

identifies baby heart (mostly right atrium is left)

Question 31

Where is fossa ovalis?

Answer 31

right side of inter-atrial septum

Question 32

Which is the main drain vein of the heart?

Answer 32

coronary sinus that opens into right atrium | 3rd major vessel to drain- both vena cavas being the other two

Question 33

Where is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 33

guards the right atrioventricular valve

Question 34

What's the name of the muscles that are attached to the tricuspids?

Answer 34

papillary muscles anchor chordae tendinae of the tricuspids

Question 35

Where is the conus arteriosus?

Answer 35

right ventricle where the outflow exits the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

Question 36

What is the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 36

fibrocartilagenous tissue that surrounds the orifices of the valves, there are 4 rings

Question 37

What are the three main functions of the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 37

- divides atria from ventricles - barrier between atrial and ventricles for conductive system - attachment for heart valves and myocardium

Question 38

What's the function of tendon of conus arteriosus?

Answer 38

attaches conus arteriosus to aortic ring

Question 39

Left fibrous trigone

Answer 39

mitral valve to aortic semilunar valves

Question 40

Right fibrous trigone

Answer 40

AV valve to aortic semilunar valves

Question 41

How do you know if it's a right dominant heart?

Answer 41

the posterior interventricular artery comes off the right coronary artery

Question 42

How do you know if it's a left dominant heart?

Answer 42

the posterior interventericular artery comes off the circumflex artery (off the left coronary a)

Question 43

What arteries do the right coronary artery give off?

Answer 43

marginal artery (along the right ventricle), posteriohat r interventricular artery (if right dominant)

Question 44

What arteries do the left coronary artery give off?

Answer 44

anterior interventricular artery and circumflex

Question 45

What groove does the circumflex artery run in?

Answer 45

coronary sulcus

Question 46

Where is the great cardiac vein?

Answer 46

anterior surface of the heart, alongside the anterior interventricular artery

Question 47

Where is the small cardiac vein?

Answer 47

right side of the heart, alongside the marginal artery

Question 48

Where is the middle cardiac vein?

Answer 48

posterior side of the heart, alongside the posterior interventricular artery

Question 49

Where do the great, small, and middle cardiac veins drain?

Answer 49

coronary sinus

Question 50

What groove does the coronary sinus run in?

Answer 50

coronary sulcus

Question 51

Where is the aortic vestibule?

Answer 51

in the left ventricle, right before the aortic valve (semilunar valve)