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Flashcards in Heart 1 Deck (23)
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1
Q

Truncus arteriosus gives rise to:

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

2
Q

Bulbus cordis gives rise to:

A

Smooth parts of left and right ventricles

3
Q

Primitiv e atrium gives rise to:

A

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

4
Q

Primitive ventricle gives rise to:

A

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

5
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to:

A

Coronary sinus

6
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to:

A

Smooth part of right atrium

7
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to:

A

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

8
Q

What week does the heart start to beat spontaneously?

A

week 4 of development

9
Q

Defect in left-right dynein can lead to ____________ as seen in _________ syndrome

A

dextrocardia, Kartagener syndrome

10
Q

Ventricular septal defect most commonly occurs in which septum?

A

Membranous

not aorticopulmonary septum, muscular ventricular septum

11
Q

Patent foramen ovale caused by?

A

caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth And form atrial septum.
(can result in venous thromboemboli)

12
Q

Conotruncal abnormalities

A

aka “outflow tract abnormalities”

  • Transposition of great vessels
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Persistent truncus arteriosis
13
Q

Aortic/pulmonary valve derived from?

Q

A

endocardial cushions of outflow tract

14
Q

Mitral/tricuspid valve derived from?

A

fused endocardial cushions of AV canal

15
Q

How does HbF have higher affinity for O2 than maternal hemoglobin HbA across the placenta?

A
  • Binds 2,3-BPG poorly →Hb stabilized in R state → curve shifts left
  • 20% ↑er Bohr effect also (pH ↑s as fetal blood passes placenta) = favors O2 affinity → curve shifts left
  • Changes favor O2 transfer from maternal→ fetal circulation
    (Left shift favors oxygen loading/binding)
16
Q

At birth, when the infant takes a breath what happens that results in closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus?

A

” ↓ resistance in pulmonary vasculature (due to lung expansion)
↑ left atrial pressure (vs the right due to ↑ in pulmonary blood flow)
= closure of foramen ovale
↑ in O2 (from respiration)
↓ in prostaglandins (from placental separation)
= closure of ductus arteriosus”

17
Q

Which drug works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins? Which fetal structure can it help close?

A

Indomethacin - helps close patent ductus arteriosus

Prostaglandins E1 and E2 kEEp PDA open

18
Q

Name their fetal-postnatal derivative!

  • Allantois → urachus
  • ductus arteriosus →
  • ductus venosus →
  • foramen ovale →
  • Notocord →
  • Umbilical arteries →
  • Umbilical veins →
A
  • AllaNtois → urachus → mediaN unbilical ligament
  • ductus arteriosus → ligamentum arteriosum
  • ductus venosus → ligamentum venosum
  • foramen ovale → fossa ovalis
  • Notocord → nucleus pulposus
  • UmbiLical arteries → mediaL umbilical ligaments
  • Umbilical veins → ligamentum teres hepatis (in falciform ligament)
19
Q

SA and AV nodes are usually supplied by what artery?

A

Right coronary artery (RCA)

20
Q

Posterior descending / interventricular artery (PDA)

  • what % supplies right dominant circulation?
  • what % supplies left dominant circulation?
  • what % supplies co- dominant circulation?
A
  • 85% with PDA arising from RCA (right coronary a)
  • 8% with PDA arising from LCX (left circumflex coronary a)
  • 7% with PDA arising from both LCX and RCA
21
Q

coronary artery occlusion most commonly occurs in which artery on the heart?

A

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

22
Q

the most posterior part of the heart is which chamber?

- enlargement of this chamber can cause _______ and __________

A

Left Atrium
dysphagia (due to compression of esophagus)
or
hoarseness (due to compression of left recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus)

23
Q

Primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to:

A

smooth parts of left atrium