Heart Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
what is AP view
A
x-rays enter anteriorly
2
Q
what is PA view
A
x-rays enter posteriorly
3
Q
what is the area located anteriorly to the lungs in the inferior mediastinum
A
anterior mediastinum
4
Q
what is the area that contains the heart in the inferior mediastinum
A
middle mediastinum
5
Q
what is the area below the heart in the inferior mediastinum
A
posterior mediastinum
6
Q
what structures are located in the superior mediastinum
A
thymus L/R brachiocephalic vein superior vena cava brachiocephalic trunk L common carotid and subclavian arch of aorta trachea esophagus
7
Q
what structures are located in the inferior mediastinum anteriorly
A
thymus
internal thoracic artery and vein
8
Q
what structures are located in the inferior mediastinum medially
A
superior vena cava ascending aorta pulmonary artery and vein pulmonary trunk heart pericardium phrenic nerve inferior vena cava
9
Q
what structures are located in the inferior mediastinum posteriorly
A
Descending aorta Azygos system of veins Thoracic duct Esophagus and nerve plexus Sympathetics
10
Q
what structure is located externally on the heart
A
pericardium
11
Q
what structure is on the backside of the pericardium, but not in contact with the heart itself
A
serous parietal
12
Q
what structure lines the heart directly
A
visceral pericardium
13
Q
what is the function of the pericardial sac
A
protects the heart
prevents cardiac distension
supplies lubricating fluid
14
Q
what are the 3 layers of the pericardial sac
A
fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium
15
Q
what is pericardial effusion
A
fluid around the heart
16
Q
what is cardiac tamponade
A
compression of the heart
17
Q
what are the layers of the heart from outermost to innermost
A
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
18
Q
what is the epicardium
A
outer layer of the heart
consists of visceral layer of serous pericardium
fat and coronary vessels are deep to the pericardium
19
Q
what is the myocardium
A
middle layer of the heart
cardiac muscle responsible for contraction
20
Q
what is the endocardium
A
internal layer of the heart
endothelial cells
lines the lumen of the chambers and the cusps of vlaves
21
Q
which layer lines the lumen of the heart
A
endocardium
22
Q
which layer is responsible for contraction
A
myocardium
23
Q
what does the right side of the heart receive
A
deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs
24
Q
what does the left side of the heart receive
A
oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the heart and body tissue
25
blood flow: IVC, SVC, coronary sinus to
right atrium
26
blood flow: right atrium through
tricuspid valve
27
Blood flow: through the tricuspid valve to
right ventricle
28
blood flow: from right ventricle through
pulmonic valve
29
blood flow: through pulmonic valve to
pulmonary trunk
30
blood flow: from pulmonary trunk to
right/left pulmonary arteries
31
blood flow: from r/l pulmonary arteries to
lungs
32
blood flow: from pulmonary veins to
left atrium
33
blood flow: from left atrium through
mitral/bicuspid valve
34
blood flow: through mitral/bicuspid valve to
left ventricle
35
blood flow: left ventricle through
aortic valve
36
blood flow: through aortic valve to
ascending aorta
37
blood flow: ascending aorta to
aortic arch an branches
38
blood flow: aortic arch and branches to
systemic and coronary circulation
39
what is the function of the superior vena cava
returns deoxygenated blood from all tissues above the diaphragm to the right atrium
40
what is the function of the inferior vena cava
returns deoxygenated blood from all tissues below the diaphragm to the right atrium
41
what is the function of the coronary sinus
returns deoxygenated blood from myocardium by coronary circulation to right atrium
42
what structures deliver blood to the right atrium
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
43
where does the right pulmonary artery deliver blood to
right lung
44
where does the left pulmonary artery deliver blood to
left lung
45
what area does the left pulmonary veins receive blood from
lungs and left atrium
46
what area of the body does the left pulmonary veins receive blood from
lungs to left atrium
47
what occurs during diastole
ventricles relax and fill with blood
48
what valves are considered atrial ventricular (AV) valves
tricuspid and bicuspid
49
what occurs during systole
ventricles contract and propel blood through the pulmonary arteries/aorta
50
what valves are open during systole
aortic and pulmonary valves
51
what is the right atrial appendage/auricle
add on room on the right atrium
| increases capacity of the right atrium
52
what are the pectinate muscles
rough myocardium on the internal surface of the auricle
| in right and left atrium
53
what is the crista terminalis
internal vertical ridge that extends from the SVC and IVC
separates the rough and smooth portions of the right atrium
SA node is located in the superior portion
54
what is the fossa ovalis/interatrial septum
located between left and right atrium
| closes at birth
55
what valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
56
what valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary valve
57
when is the tricuspid/right atrioventricular valve open
during diastole
| blood flows from right atrium into right ventricle
58
when does the tricuspid valve close
during systole
| prevents retrograde/backward flow of blood from right ventricle into right atrium
59
what structures of the heart receive deoxygenated blood from the body
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
coronary sinus
60
blood flow: IVC, SVC, coronary sinus to
right atrium
61
blood flow: right atrium through
tricuspid valve
62
blood flow: through tricuspid valve to
right ventricle
63
blood flow: right ventricle through
pulmonic vlave
64
blood flow: through pulmonic valve through
pulmonary trunk
65
blood flow: pulmonary trunk to
right/left pulmonary arteries
66
blood flow: right/left pulmonary arteries to
lungs
67
oxygenated blood from the lungs returns through the 4 pulmonary veins to drain into which chamber
left chamber
68
blood flow: from lungs to pulmonary veins to
left atrium
69
blood flow: left atrium through
mitral/bicuspid valve
70
blood flow: through mitral/bicuspid valve to
left ventricle
71
blood flow: left ventricle through
aortic valve
72
blood flow: through aortic valve
ascending aorta
73
blood flow: ascending aorta to
aortic arch and branches
74
blood flow: aortic arch and branches to
systemic and coronary circulation
75
what are 4 veins that deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
coronary veins
anterior cardiac veins
76
what is chordae tendineae
fibrous cords that connect free edges of the cusps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles
77
function of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
keep AV valves from prolapsing backward into the atria when closing during systolic contraction of the ventricles
78
what are papillary muscles
elevations of ventricular myocardium
| attach to the AV valve leaflets via chordae tendinae
79
when is the pulmonary/semilunar valve open
during systole
| forces blood into the pulmonary trunk
80
where is the pulmonary/semilunar valve located
between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
81
when is the pulmonary/semilunar valve closed
during diastole
| prevents retrograde return of blood from pulmonary trunk back into the right ventricle
82
what are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries
83
what are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
pulmonary veins
84
when does the mitral valve open
during diastole
| blood flows from left atrium to left ventricle
85
when is the mitral valve closed
during systole
| prevents retrograde backward return of blood from left ventricle into left atrium
86
when is the aortic/semilunar valve open
during systole
| blood flows from left ventricle into the ascending aorta
87
when is the aortic/semilunar valve closed
during diastole
| prevents retrograde backward return of blood from the ascending aorta back to the left ventricle
88
what components are considered the arterial supply
coronary arteries
| supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium/tissues of the heart
89
what structures are considered as venous drainage
cardiac veins
| drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium/tissues of the heart
90
where does the right coronary artery originate on the heart
right aortic sinus
91
where does the left coronary artery originate on the heart
left aortic sinus
92
what area does no artery arise from on the heart
posterior aortic (non coronary) sinus
93
what are the branches of the right coronary artery
SA nodal branch
acute marginal (right marginal branch)
AV nodal branch
posterior interventricular branch
94
where does the right coronary artery travel
in the coronary sulcus
| between the right atrium and right ventricle
95
what artery supplies the SA node
right coronary artery
96
what artery supplies the right border of the heart
acute marginal (right marginal branch)
97
what artery supplies the AV node
right coronary artery
98
what artery lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus
posterior descending artery
99
what artery supplies both ventricle and sends perforating interventricular septal branches into the IV septum
posterior descending artery
100
what artery originates from the left aortic sinus
left coronary artery
101
what artery travels between the pulmonary trunk and left atrial appendage before entering the coronary sulcus
left coronary artery
102
what branches come off of the left coronary artery
left anterior descending (LAD)
| circumflex branch artery
103
what artery supplies adjacent parts of both ventricles and anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
left anterior descending (LAD)
| widow maker
104
what artery travels to the left in the coronary sulcus and into the base/diaphragmatic surface of the heart
circumflex branch artery
105
what artery branches off of the circumflex branch artery
obtuse marginal/left marginal artery
106
what artery runs along the obtuse margin of the heart to supply the left ventricle
obtuse/left marginal artery
107
what vein runs with the left anterior descending and circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
great cardiac vein
108
what vein enlarges to form the coronary sinus
great cardiac vein
109
what vein runs with the posterior descending artery
middle cardiac vein
110
what vein runs with the right coronary artery and accompanies the right (acute) marginal artery (RCA)
small cardiac vein
111
what pours into the coronary sinus
great, middle, small, posterior cardiac veins
112
where does the coronary sinus drain into
right atrium
113
what vein runs with the coronary silcus
coronary sinus
114
what is the order of the cardiac conduction system
```
sinoatrial node (SA)
atrioventricular node (AV)
His bundle
right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
```
115
what is known as the cardiac pacemaker
SA node
| sinoatrial node
116
where is the AV node located
within the posteroinferior interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus
117
where does the electrical wave move to after the AV node
bundle of His
118
where does the electrical wave travel to after the bundle of his
Purkinje fibers
119
the bundle of His divides into the
right and left bundle branches
120
the right and left bundle branches continue on each side of the heart then divide into
purkinje fibers
121
where are the Purkinje fibers located in the heart
in the walls of the ventricles
122
what does the 2 internal iliac arteries to the placenta form into as an adult
2 medial umbilical ligaments/folds
| not fully remnant with 2 branches
123
where does the umbilical vein that start at a the liver an continues to the inferior vena cava end
ligament teres and ligamentum venosum
124
what was the function of the allantois in baby
fetal urine drainage
125
what is the function of the allantois in the adult
median umbilical ligament/fold
126
what was the foramen ovale in baby
opening between R and L atrium
127
what is the foramen ovale in adults
fossa ovalis
128
what was the function of the ductus arteriosus in baby
bridges the blood vessel between aorta and pulmonary trunk
