pelvis

Question 1

describe the false pelvis

Answer 1

related to the ilium, lower lumbar vertebrae
part of the abdomen
sigmoid colon, cecum

Question 2

describe the true pelvis

Answer 2

related to pubis, ischium, sacrum
bound by inlet and outlet
urinary and reproductive organs

Question 3

the sacrospinous ligament attachest to the sacrum and what other structure

Answer 3

ischial spine

Question 4

what structures exit the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 4

Piriformis muscle
Pudendal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
PPISS

Question 5

what structure exits the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 5

obturator internus muscle

Question 6

what structure enters lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 6

pudendal nerve

Question 7

what muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 7

coccygeus +

levator ani: iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis

Question 8

what is the innervation of the pelvic floor

Answer 8

oudendal nerve (S2-S4)

Question 9

what symptoms are observed with a weakened pelvic floor

Answer 9

urinary incontinence

Question 10

where is the perineum located

Answer 10

diamond-shape region inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

between the thighs

Question 11

what is the function of the perineum

Answer 11

contains and support pelvic viscera (bladder, rectum, anal canal, reproductive organs)
anchor the roots of the external genitalia

Question 12

where is the perineal body located and what is its function

Answer 12

between the urogenital and anal angle triangle
center point of the perineum

point of attachment for muscle fibers from the pelvic floor and perineum itself

Question 13

what muscles are included in the superficial UG space

Answer 13

superficial transverse perineal

bulbospingiosus

Question 14

what muscles are included in the deep space of the UG diaphragm muscles

Answer 14

external urethral sphincter

deep transverse perineal

Question 15

what structures are contained in the anal triangle

Answer 15

anal aperture (opening)
external anal sphincter
ischio-anal fossae (2)

Question 16

the perineal membrane divides the UG triangle into

Answer 16

deep perineal space

superficial perineal space

Question 17

what muscles are contained in the superficial perineal space

Answer 17

ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus
superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 18

what erectile tissue/glands are contained in the superficial perineal space

Answer 18

crus of clitorus/penis
bulb of vestribule/clitorus/penis
perineal membrane
greater vestibular gland

Question 19

what muscles are contained in the deep perineal space

Answer 19

deep transverse perineal muscle

external urethral spincter

Question 20

what is the clinical significance of the external urethral sphincter muscle

Answer 20

urinary continence

Question 21

what muscles are considered levator ani muscles

Answer 21

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Question 22

which of the following would be found within the superficial space?

s. deep transverse perineal muscle
d. greater vestibular glands
c. bulbourethral glands
d. sphincter urethrae muscle

Answer 22

greater vestibular glands

present in females

Question 23

what is the nerve root of of the iliohyprgastric nerve

Answer 23

L1

Question 24

what is the nerve root of the ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 24

L1

Question 25

what is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve

Answer 25

L1-L2

Question 26

what is the nerve root of the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

Answer 26

L2-L3

Question 27

what is the nerve root of the femoral nerve

Answer 27

L2-L4

Question 28

what is the nerve root of the obturator nerve

Answer 28

L2-L4

Question 29

what is the nerve root of the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 29

L4-S1

Question 30

what is the nerve root for the inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 30

L5-S2

Question 31

what is the nerve root for the sciatic nerve

Answer 31

L4-S3

Question 32

what is the nerve roots of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 32

S1-S3

Question 33

what is the nerve root for obturator inerns

Answer 33

L5-S2

Question 34

what is the innervation of the quadratus frmoris

Answer 34

L4-S1

Question 35

what is the nerve roots for the pudendal nerve

Answer 35

S2-S4

Question 36

what structures are contained in the pudendal canal

Answer 36

pudendal nerve internal pudendal artery internal pudendal vein

Question 37

what pelvic nerves are considered sympathetic

Answer 37

sacral splanchnic | hypogastric

Question 38

what pelvic nerves are considered parasympathetic

Answer 38

pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4)

Question 39

what is the function of the sympathetic/ sacral splanchnics/hypogastric nerves

Answer 39

vasoconstriction contraction internal urethral and anal sphincters ejaculation

Question 40

what is the function of the parasympathetic/pelvic splanchnic nerves of the pelvis

Answer 40

vasodilation stimulate bladder contraction for urination stimulate defecation stimulate erection

Question 41

what nerve innervates the perineum

Answer 41

pudendal | somatic innervation

Question 42

what artery arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

Answer 42

inferior gluteal artery

Question 43

what artery does the ovarian artery arise from

Answer 43

directly from abdominal aorta

Question 44

where does the iliolumbar artery arise from

Answer 44

posterior trunk of internal iliac artery

Question 45

what is the order that urine takes starting at the nephron and ending at the urethra

Answer 45

renal tubules of nephron > collecting ducts > papillary ducts > minor calyces > major calyces > renal pelvis > ureter > urinary bladder > urethra

Question 46

why are women more prone to UTIs than men?

Answer 46

the length of the urethra is longer in men vs women

Question 47

what is the most common site of fertilization within the uterine tube

Answer 47

ampulla

Question 48

what is the difference between the ovarian ligament and he suspensory ligament of ovary

Answer 48

the suspensory ligament of ovary contains the ovarian artery and vein ovarian ligament contains no arteries or veins

Question 49

what is the function of the mesosalpix ligament

Answer 49

suspends uterine tube

Question 50

what is the function of the mesovarium ligament

Answer 50

attaches to the ovary and covers ovarian ligament

Question 51

what is the function of the mesometrium ligament

Answer 51

extends from lateral pelvic wall to the body of uterus