Heart

Question 1

What are the normal heart sounds

Answer 1

S1: M+T valves close
S2: A+P valves close

Question 2

What is the S3 heart sound

Answer 2

Ventricular gallop
Early diastolic - Ken-TUC-ky
Heart failure/Fluid overload
Normal in young people

Question 3

What is a split S2

Answer 3

Normal during inspiration
Fixed split is atrial septal defect
Wide split is RBBB or pulmonary HTN

Question 4

What is S4

Answer 4

Late diastolic
Stiff ventricle; LVH, aortic stenosis, MI

Question 5

What is heard with aortic stenosis

Answer 5

Systolic crescendo-decrescendo
Right 2nd intercostal space radiating to carotids

Question 6

What is heard with mitral regurgitation

Answer 6

Holosystolic, blowing
Apex radiating to axilla
Mitral valve incompetence

Question 7

What is heard with aortic regurgitation

Answer 7

Early diastolic, blowing, decrescendo
Left sternum border
Louder on sitting forward
Aortic valve incompetence

Question 8

What is heart with mitral stenosis

Answer 8

Low pitched, mid-diastolic rumble with opening snap
Best heard in LLD at apex
Mitral valve narrowing, often from rheumatic disease

Question 9

What is heard with pericarditis

Answer 9

Scratchy, triphasic sound
Left lower sternal border