Heart Flashcards
apex
-bottom of heart
base
-top of heart
right ventricle
- thinner myocardium (walls)
- pumps blood to lungs
left ventricle
- thicker myocardium (walls)
- pumps blood throughout body
right atrium
- thinner myocardium
- receives blood from body
left atrium
- thicker myocardium
- receives blood from lungs
auricles
- flattened on outer edges of each atrium
- slightly increases volume of atria
anterior interventricular (coronary) sulcus
- on ventral surface of heart
- diagonal depression that is normally covered with fatty tissue
coronary blood vessels
- on surface of heart
- not inside heart
- have nothing to do with SVC, IVC, pulmonary trunk, etc
- arteries bring oxygenated
- veins take away deoxygenated
aorta
- large vessel medial to right atrium
- often covered in fatty tissue
- carries oxygenated blood from LV to rest of body
ligamentum arteriosum
- small fibrous band between pulmonary artery and aorta
- remnant of ductus arteriosus (functions in fetal circulation)
3 branches arising from aortic arch
- ) Braciocephalic- branches into R subclavian artery and R common carotid artery
- ) left common carotid artery
- ) left subclavian artery
ascending vs descending aorta
- ascending get blood from LV
- descending sends blood throughout body
- arch in between
pulmonary trunk
- large vessel between aorta and LA
- divides into L and R pulmonary arteries
- all take blood from RV to lungs
pulmonary veins
- thin walls
- carry oxygenated blood from lungs to LA
- 4 total in human (2 from each lung)
superior vena cava
- attached to upper part of RA
- returning blood from upper half of body to heart
inferior vena cava
- attached to lower part of RA
- returning all blood from lower half of body to heart
tricuspid valve
- blood flow from R atrium to R ventricle
- three flaps
bicuspid (Mitral) valve
- blood flow from R atrium to R ventricle
- three flaps
interventricular septum
- divider between ventricles
- thick
papillary muscles
- muscular extensions
- function to -prevent AV valves from flipping inside out or bulging into atria when ventricles contract
chordae tendineae
-tendinous cords that connect AV valve cusps to papillary muscle on floor of ventricle
trabeculae carneae
-muscular ridges projecting from inner surface of R and L ventricles
moderator band
- reinforcement cord between ventricular septum and ventricular wall
- prevents excessive stretch from occurring in myocardium of right ventricle
- prevents distention of ventricle
3 layers of the heart
- ) epicardium- outer
- ) myocardium- middle (muscle part)
- ) endocardium- membrane that lines chambers
myocardium
- muscular part of heart
- thickness varies between chambers of the heart
- thinnest in atria and thickest in ventricles
- left ventricle has thickest myocardium of all parts of heart
pectinate muscle
- ridges on inner surface of atria
- have comb-like appearance
opening to coronary sinus
-blood of coronary circulation is returned through that opening to venus circulation
coronary sinus
- where blood that has been used by heart cells collects
- looks like enlarged vein
- empties blood into RA
great cardiac vein
- collects blood from anterior aspect of heart and travels alongside anterior interventricular artery
- carries blood from apex toward coronary sulcus, then arcs around L side of heart and empties into coronary sinus
pulmonary semilunar valve
-between R ventricle to pulmonary trunk
aortic semilunar valve
-between L ventricle and aorta
openings to coronary arteries
-in walls of aorta, just above aortic semilunar valve
L and R coronary artery
- passes immediately underneath L and R auricles
- lead to coronary circulation of myocardium
anterior interventricular branch (LAD)
-provides blood to ventricles and apex of heart
circumflex artery
-follows coronary sulcus on left side
