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Gorss Anatomy 2 Exam 2 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle arranged into a spiral

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2
Q

What is the endocardium

A

Smooth endothelium that lines the inside of the heart

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3
Q

What is Cardiac Tamponade

A

Fluid leaks into the fibrous pericadium and compresses the heart impeding venous return.

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4
Q

What is an external sign that someone may have cardiac tamponade

A

Enlarged external jugular vein

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5
Q

What are the two pericardial sinuses

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

Oblique pericardial sinus

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6
Q

Which pericardial sinus lies posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

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7
Q

Which pericardial sinus lies posterior to the heart and is surrounded by the left and right pulmonary veins

A

Oblique pericardial sinus

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8
Q

What gives blood supply to the heart and pericardium

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery
Bronchial artery
Esophageal artery
Coronary arteries

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9
Q

What artery is the main supplier of the pericardium

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery

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10
Q

What innervates the heart and pericardium

A 
Phrenic nerve (sensory)
Sympathetic trunk (vasomotor)
Vagus
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11
Q

Where would someone feel pericardial pain

A

Behind the sternum

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12
Q

What is inflammation of the pericardium called

A

Pericaditis

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13
Q

What causes a pulmonary embolism

A

Obstruction of the pulmonary arteries due to a blood clot

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14
Q

What happens to the chambers of the heart during a pulmonary embolism

A

The blood backs up and flows back into the right ventricle and atrium, causing it to dilate

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15
Q

What is a saddle embolus

A

Clot that block the entire pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

What are the parts of each heart valve

A

Valve Orifice
Fibrous ring (anulus)
Cusps

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17
Q

What are the 4 major valves of the heart

A

Pulmonary
Aortic
Mitral (bicuspid)
Tricuspid

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18
Q

What is another name for the mitral and tricuspid valve?

A

Left and Right atrioventricular valve

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19
Q

What makes the lub sound of the heart

A

Contraction of ventricles

Closure of tricuspid and mitral valve

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20
Q

What makes the Dub sound

A

Closure of Pulmonary and aortic valve

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21
Q

Where can you listen to the pulmonary valve

A

Over left intercostal space

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22
Q

Where can you listen to the aortic valve

A

Over right intercostal space

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23
Q

Where can you listen to the Mitral valve

A

Left fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line

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24
Q

Where can you listen to the tricuspid valve

A

left fifth intercostal space at its border with the sternum

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25
What is the most diseased valve? Why?
Mitral valve | Due to explosive closing and opening causing microabrasions to vavle cusps
26
What is an ear like appendage on each of the atriums
Auricle
27
What separates the pectinate muscles in the right atrium from the sinus of the venae cavae
Crista terminalis
28
What structure of the heart represents the embryonic sinus venosus
Sinus of the venae cavae
29
What structure of the heart is a remnant of the foramen ovale
Fossa Ovalis
30
What is it called when a small foramen ovale exists in adults
Prode patent foramen
31
What is it called when the foramen ovale is large in adults
Atrial septal defect
32
What chambers + vessels dilate during atrial septal defect
Right atrium Right Ventrical Pulmonary trunk
33
What are the papillary muscles in the right ventricle
Anterior Posterior Septal
34
What is the purpose of the choradae tendineae
Prevents eversion of the valve during ventricular contraction
35
What transmits the right bundle branch of the conduction system to the papillary muscles
Moderator band (Septomarginal Trabecula
36
How many pulmonary veins drain into the left artium
4
37
Where is the aortic vestibule located
Smooth-walled portion of left ventricle below cusps of aortic valve
38
What are the 4 parts of the septal wall
Interatrial septum Atrioventricular septum Membranous interventricular septum muscular septum
39
What parts of the septum form the membranous part of the septal wall
Interatrial septum Atrioventricular septum membranous interventricular septum
40
What causes hypertrophy of the heart
Hypertension | Atherosclerosis
41
What causes the heart chambers to enlarge
``` Septal defects Valve incompetency (leaky valves) ```
42
What do the aortic and pulmonary valves consist of?
Nodules Lunules Sinuses
43
Since the aortic and pulmonary valves do not have chordae tendonae how to they close
The sinuses fill with blood and close the valves
44
Are the coronary arteries high or low pressure?
Low pressure
45
What are the branches of the Right coronary artery
Sinuatrial nodal artery Right marginal artery Posterior interventricular artery
46
What branch of the right coronary artery, if damaged/blocked will require a person to have a pace maker?
Sinuatrial Nodal Artery
47
What are the branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular artery | Circumflex artery
48
What is Coronary artery cominance
Which coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery 70% Right; 30% left
49
What coronary artery supplies the conduction system?
Right coronary artery
50
What coronary artery supplies the majority of the heart
Left coronary artery
51
What coronary arteries can anastomose together
Right Coronary + circumflex | Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
52
What veins drain into the Coronary sinus
``` Great Cardiac vein Middle Cardiac Vein Small Cardiac vein Posterior vein of L.Ventricle Oblique vein of L, Ventricle ```
53
What is the smallest vein of the heart
Venae Cordis minimae
54
Where do the veins of the left and right ventricle drain into
Right atrium
55
What is atherosclerosis
Deposition of lipid plaques on the inner walls of arteries
56
What is angina pectris
Substernal chest pain | Symptom of partial occlusion of coronary artery (ischemia of heart)
57
What causes myocardial infarction
coronary branch of heart becomes completely occluded
58
What are the common sites of myocardial infarction
40-50% = Anterior interventricular artery 30-40% right coronary artery 15-20% circumflex artery
59
Does the heart require nerve supply?
No
60
Why does the heart need nerves
To increase and decrease HR
61
What does sympathetic activation of the heart cause
Increase HR and STR or contraction | Dilates coronary arteries
62
What does Parasympathetic activation of the Heart Cause
Decrease HR and Str of contraction | constricts coronary arteries
63
What innervates that heart via cardiac plexus
Superficial Cardiac Plexus | Deep Cardiac plexus
64
What gives sympathetic innervation of the heart
sympathetic trunk (T1-T4)
65
What gives parasympathetic innervation to the heart
Vagus
66
What gives sensory innervation to the heart
Sympathetic branch of Vagus
67
What are the parts of the conduction system of the heart
Sinuatrial Node Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular bundle subendocardial plexus
68
Where do conduction impulses start at
Sinuatrial node
69
What is the remnant of the embryonic ductus arteriosus
Ligamentum Arteriosum

Gorss Anatomy 2 Exam 2 (12 decks)

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