Thoracic wall

Question 1

What are the parts of the sternum

Answer 1

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 2

The sternum is a major site for what?

Answer 2

Production of Red Blood Cells

Question 3

What are the anatomical variations of the xiphoid process

Answer 3

Bifid

can have xiphoid foramen

Question 4

What intervertebral disc level is the sternal angle found at

Answer 4

T4/T5

Question 5

What can cause a barreled chest

Answer 5

Living at high elevation

People with COPD

Question 6

What is the superior thoracic aperture (inlet) bounded by

Answer 6

Manubrium
First rib
T1

Question 7

what is the inferior thoracic aperture (outlet) bounded by

Answer 7

Xiphoid process
Costal margin
Twelth rib
Distal end of eleventh rib
T12

Question 8

What are the groups of ribs that are divided based on patterns of articulation

Answer 8

True ribs (1-7)
False ribs (8-12)

Question 9

What are the group ribs that are divided based on morphology

Answer 9

Typical ribs (3-9)
Atypical ribs (1,2,10,11,12)

Question 10

What ribs are known as floating ribs

Answer 10

11 and 12

Question 11

What is the difference between a false and true rib

Answer 11

False ribs do not articulate with the sternum directly, they attach to the costal cartilage of the rib above

Question 12

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

Answer 12

Protection
Muscle attachments
Respiration

Question 13

What are the muscles of the thoracic wall

Answer 13

External intercostal muscle
Internal intercostal muscle
Innermost intercostal muscle
Subcostalis muscle
Transversus thoracis muslce

Question 14

What is the second most important muscle in respiration

Answer 14

External intercostal muscle

Question 15

What direction do the external intercostal muscles run

Answer 15

Downward and forward

Question 16

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle

Answer 16

Depress the ribs in forced expiration

Question 17

What direction do the internal intercostal muscles run

Answer 17

Downward and backward

Question 18

What is the function of the innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 18

Depress the fibs in forced expiration

Question 19

What direction do the innermost intercostal muscles run

Answer 19

Downward and backward

Question 20

What do all the intercostal muscles prevent?

Answer 20

Pushing or drawing out of the intercostal spaces during respiration

Question 21

What muscles are specialization of the innermost intercostal muscle

Answer 21

Subcostalis muscle

Transversus thoracis

Question 22

What is the function of the subcostalis and transversus thoracics muscles

Answer 22

Depresses the ribs during forced expiration

Question 23

The internal thoracic artery comes off of what artery?

Answer 23

Subclavian artery

Question 24

What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery

Answer 24

Pericardiacophrenic artery
Anterior intercostal arteries
Musculophrenic artery
superior epigastric artery

Question 25

What supplies the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall?

Answer 25

Supreme intercostal artery Third through eleventh posterior intercostal arteries subcostal artery

Question 26

What vein drains the anterior thoracic wall

Answer 26

Internal thoracic vein

Question 27

What drains the posterior thoracic wall

Answer 27

Azygos system of veins

Question 28

What does Azygos mean

Answer 28

Not Paired

Question 29

What does the (right) first posterior intercostal drain into

Answer 29

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 30

What does the (right )2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal drain into?

Answer 30

Superior intercostal vein

Question 31

What does the (right) 4th and 11th posterior intercostal veins and subcostal vein drain into

Answer 31

Azygos vein

Question 32

What does the (right) superior intercostal vein drain into

Answer 32

Azygos vein

Question 33

What does the (left) 1st posterior intercostal drain into

Answer 33

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 34

What does the (left) 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal vein join to form?

Answer 34

Superior intercostal vein

Question 35

What does the left superior intercostal vein drain into

Answer 35

Left Brachiocephalic vein

Question 36

what does the (left) 4th through 8th posterior intercostal vein join to form

Answer 36

Accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 37

What does the Accessory Hemiazygos vein drain into

Answer 37

It drains into the azygos vein

Question 38

What does the (left) 9th though 11th posterior intercostal vein and the subcotal vein joint to form?

Answer 38

Hemiazygos vein

Question 39

What does the Hemiazygos vein drain into?

Answer 39

The Azygos vein

Question 40

The azygos and hemiazygos vein are thoracic continuations of what vein

Answer 40

Left and right ascending lumber veins

Question 41

What are the nerves of the thoracic wall?

Answer 41

Intercostal nerve | Subcostal nerve

Question 42

Where does the intercostal nerves originae from

Answer 42

Anterior Primary rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves

Question 43

Where does the subcostal nerve originate from

Answer 43

Anterior primary rami f the 12th thoracis spinal nerve

Question 44

What is the function of the endothoracic fascia

Answer 44

Prevent rubbing against parietal pleura

Question 45

What is it called when the parietal plaura thickens on the apex of the lung

Answer 45

Suprapleural membrane

Question 46

What is contained in the intercostal space

Answer 46

Intercostal artery Intercostal Vein Intercostal Nerve