Heart

Question 1

another term for atrium (of the heart).

strictly, a small muscular appendage of each atrium.

Answer 1

auricle

Question 2

atria of the heart are separated from the ventricles by this. (also called coronary groove, auriculoventricular groove, atrioventricular groove, AV groove).

Answer 2

coronary sulcus

Question 3

one of two grooves that separates the ventricles of the heart, the other being the posterior interventricular sulcus. situated on the sternocostal surface of the heart, close to its left margin.

Answer 3

anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 4

one of the two grooves that separates the ventricles of the heart and is on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart near the right margin

Answer 4

posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 5

is the first and largest branch of the aortic arch that supplies the head, neck and the right arm. arises from the aortic arch at the level of the second right costal cartilage.

Answer 5

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 6

a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk and the left arises directly from the arch of the aorta. It lies posterior to the insertion of the scalenus anterior on the first rib.

Answer 6

right subclavian artery

Question 7

can be thought of as having two parts: a thoracic (chest) part and a cervical (neck) part.

Answer 7

left common carotid artery

Question 8

receive blood from the aortic arch. supplies blood to the left arm. becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.

Answer 8

left subclavian artery

Question 9

is the part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body, that runs down through the chest and the abdomen. starts after the arch of the aorta and ends by splitting into two great arteries (the common iliac arteries) that go to the legs.

Answer 9

descending aorta

Question 10

a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs.

Answer 10

pulmonary trunk

Question 11

an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.

Answer 11

pulmonary arteries

Question 12

are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. largest: are the four main, two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart.

Answer 12

pulmonary veins

Question 13

a vein that returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper limbs, neck, and head to the heart. one on the left side of the neck and one on the right.

Answer 13

brachiocephalic veins

Question 14

(Latin: arterial ligament) is a small ligament that is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth. the superior end attaches to the aorta—at the final part of the aortic arch (the isthmus of aorta) or the first part of the descending aorta.

Answer 14

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 15

is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus’s fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.

Answer 15

ductus arteriosus

Question 16

are parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. so-called because of their resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten. behind the crest (crista terminalis) of the right atrium the internal surface is smooth.

Answer 16

pectinate muscles

Question 17

a depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the level of the interatrial septum, the wall between right and left atrium. is the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.

Answer 17

fossa ovalis

Question 18

a small hole located in the septum, which is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). allow oxygenated blood coming from the umbilical vein via the inferior vena cava to bypass the pulmonary circulation.

Answer 18

foramen ovale

Question 19

are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.

Answer 19

trabeculae carnae

Question 20

are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).

Answer 20

papillary muscles

Question 21

colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve in the heart.

Answer 21

chordae tendineae

Question 22

an artery originating above the right cusp of the aortic valve, at the right aortic sinus in the heart. travels down the right coronary sulcus, towards the crux of the heart.

Answer 22

right coronary artery

Question 23

an artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart.

Answer 23

left coronary artery

Question 24

follows the left part of the coronary sulcus, running first to the left and then to the right, reaching nearly as far as the posterior longitudinal sulcus. giving rise to one or more left marginal arteries. supplies the posterolateral left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle.

Answer 24

circumflex branch

Question 25

is a branch of the left coronary artery. originates at the left margin of the pulmonary trunk, anterior to the left atrial auricle.

Answer 25

anterior interventricular branch

Question 26

follows the acute margin of the heart and supplies branches to both surfaces of the right ventricle. lateral margin (or side) of the heart (to its posterior aspect).

Answer 26

marginal branch

Question 27

is a branch of the right coronary artery. branches off on the inferior surface of the heart within the atrioventricular groove. It enters the posteroinferior aspect of the interventricular groove and heads towards the apex of the heart.

Answer 27

posterior interventricular branch

Question 28

begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. then curves around the left margin of the heart to reach the posterior surface.

Answer 28

great cardiac vein

Question 29

a relatively large vein that commences near to the apex of the heart on its inferior surface. drains into the coronary sinus.

Answer 29

middle cardiac vein

Question 30

receives blood from the back of the RA and RV, runs in the coronary sulcus between the RA and RV parallel to the right coronary artery, and empties into either the CS, the middle cardiac vein, or the RA.

Answer 30

small cardiac vein

Question 31

a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior venae cavae.

Answer 31

coronary sinus

Question 32

a section of the aorta, the largest artery in the body, within the chest. is that part of the aorta that starts after the arch of the aorta and runs down to the diaphragm, the great muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.

Answer 32

thoracic aorta

Question 33

is the part of the aorta that passes through the abdominal cavity. include the arteries that supply blood to the intestine

Answer 33

abdominal aorta

Question 34

a major artery that supplies the foregut of the gastrointestinal tract. arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebrae. gives off three major branches called left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.

Answer 34

celiac trunk

Question 35

carry blood from the heart to the kidneys. branch directly from the aorta (the main artery coming off the heart) on either side and extend to each kidney. take a very large volume of blood to the kidneys to be filtered.

Answer 35

renal arteries

Question 36

a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents

Answer 36

hepatic portal vein

Question 37

two large arteries that originate from the aortic bifurcation at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. end in front of the sacroiliac joint, one on either side, and each bifurcates into the external and internal iliac arteries.

Answer 37

common iliac artery

Question 38

formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins. come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the inferior vena cava. drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs.

Answer 38

common iliac vein

Question 39

is the main artery of the pelvis ,that arises from the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.

Answer 39

internal iliac artery

Question 40

proceed anterior and inferior along the medial border of the psoas major muscles.

Answer 40

external iliac artery

Question 41

are large veins that connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins. origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins).

Answer 41

external iliac vein

Question 42

a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the thigh and leg. enters the thigh from behind the inguinal ligament as the continuation of the external iliac artery.

Answer 42

femoral artery