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Trunk and Abdomen > Heart and Lungs > Flashcards

Heart and Lungs Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous membrane w/in mid mediastinum, covers heart & great vessels

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2
Q

Layers of the Pericardium

A

Fibrous & Serous

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3
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Space btwn parietal & visceral layers w/ fluid for less friction

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4
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Dense, outer layer

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5
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Inner layer(s)
Outer Parietal - lines inner surface of fibrous
Inner Visceral (epicardium) - continuous with outer surface of heart

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6
Q

Pericardial Sinus

A

Transverse Sinus - Post aortic arch & pulmonary trunk and ant SVC

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7
Q

Heart - Layers

A

Endocardium & Myocardium

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8
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost, lines chambers

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9
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick cardiac muscle tissue

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10
Q

Heart - Surfaces

A

Anterior - R ventricle
Diaphragmatic - L Ventricle
L Pulmonary - L ventricle
R Pulmonary - R atrium

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11
Q

Heart Chambers - R Atria

A

Receives venous blood from SVC, IVC & coronary sinus

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12
Q

Heart Chambers - R Ventricle

A

Receives blood from RA via Tricuspid valve; Sends to pulmonary trunk thru pulmonary valve

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13
Q

Ventricle Structures - Conus Arteriosus

A

Funnel from ventricle to valve

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14
Q

Ventricle Structures - Trabeculae Carne

A

Irregular muscle elevations inside the ventricle

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15
Q

Ventricle Structures - Supraventricular Crest

A

Separates conus from the rest of the cavity

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16
Q

Ventricle Structures - Chordae Tendinae

A

Extends from papillary muscles to valve cusps

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17
Q

Ventricle Structures - Papillary Muscles

A

Smoot muscle w/in ventricle that draw valves closed

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18
Q

Heart Chambers - L Atria

A

Receives blood from Pulmonary veins; goes to LV thru bicuspid valve

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19
Q

Heart Chambers - L Ventricle

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A

Receives from LA via Bicuspid (mitral); goes out thru Aortic valve to Aorta; walls 2x thicker

20
Q

What do the valves in the heart do

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A

Create 1-way flow (4 total, 2AV, 2SL)

21
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

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A

Mitral (bicuspid) - LA & LV, 2 leaflets
Tricuspid - RA & RV, 3 leaflets

22
Q

Semilunar Valves

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A

Pulmonic - RV to pulmonary artery
Aortic - LV to aorta

23
Q

Heart Flow Pathway

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A

Vena Cava - RA - RV - Pulmonary artery - lungs - Pulmonary veins - LA - LV - Aorta

24
Q

What is Blood Pressure

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A

Pressure exerted on artery walls
Sys/Dia

25
What is Systole
Ventricle contraction
26
What is Diastole
Atrial contraction & ventricular filling
27
Where would one listen for the Pulmonary Valve
L upper sternal border & L 2nd intercostal space
28
Where would one listen for the Aortic Valve
R upper sternal border & R 2nd intercostal space
29
Conduction System function
Transmit impulses for coordinated contractions
30
Conduction System - Nodal Tissue
Initiates heart beat & coordinates chambers; SA, AV, Bundle of HIS
31
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
Located @ junction btwn SVC and RA, Pacemaker
32
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
Located @ interatrial septa, receives from SA & sends to HIS
33
AV Bundle (Bundle of HIS)
Distributes to ventricles, branch to terminal Purkinje Fibers
34
2 Pleural Layers
Visceral Pleura - covers lungs, no nerves Parietal Pleura - lines pulmonary cavities, more superficial & substantial, has nerves
35
Parietal Pleura - 4 Parts
Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic, Cervical
36
Pleural Cavity
Potential space btwn pleural layers w/ a layer of serous fluid, real if lungs collapse
37
Lungs - Function
Oxygenate blood, expel CO2
38
Lungs - Air Pathway
Inspiration - Trachea - Bronchi - Alveoli
39
Lungs - Structure
R - 3 lobes, L - 2 lobes, Costal, Mediastinal, & Diaphragmatic surfaces
40
Tracheobronchial Tree - Main Bronchi
R - Wider & shorter, more verticle L - Inferior to aortic arch & anterior to esophagus
41
Tracheobronchial Tree - Lobar Bronchi
R - 3, L - 2
42
Tracheobronchial Tree - Segmental Bronchi
Divide into bronchopulmonary segments - largest subdivisions of lobes
43
Final 2 segments of the Tree
Terminal Bronchioles & Alveolar Ducts
44
Respiratory Process - Inspiration
Active, diaphragm contraction (down&out), ribs - up & out
45
Respiratory Process - Expiration
Passive, diaphragm relax, intercostals relax
46
Respiratory Process - Forced Expiration
Increase intraabdominal pressure to force out air
47
Respiratory Process - Accessory Muscles
Scalenes, Sternocleidomastoid, Abdominal muscles, Intercostals

Trunk and Abdomen (4 decks)

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