Axial Skeleton

Question 1

5 Regions of the vertebral column

Answer 1

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx

Question 2

How many vertebrae in the Cervical region

Answer 2

7

Question 3

Defining feature of the Cervical vertebrae

Answer 3

All - Foramina transversarium
C1- no spinous process
C2 - Dens (superior projection for C1)

Question 4

How many vertebrae in the Thoracic region

Answer 4

12

Question 5

Defining feature of the Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 5

Costal facets (for rib articulation)
Spinous process project posterior and inferior

Question 6

How many vertebrae in the Lumbar region

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Defining feature of the Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 7

Largest bodies
Mamillary process (for multifidus)

Question 8

How many vertebrae in the Sacral region

Answer 8

5 fused vertebrae

Question 9

How many vertebrae in the Coccygeal region

Answer 9

3-5

Question 10

Defining feature of the coccygeal region

Answer 10

Attachment for the Filum Terminale of the spinal cord

Question 11

What is / where is a Kyphotic curve found

Answer 11

Convex posterior curve; found in Thoracic and Sacral spine

Question 12

What is / where is a Lordotic curve found

Answer 12

Convex anterior curve; found in Cervical and Lumbar spine

Question 13

Anterior longitudinal ligament - movement and location

Answer 13

Checks extension; anterior vertebral column

Question 14

Posterior longitudinal ligament - movement and location

Answer 14

Checks flexion; posterior vertebral column

Question 15

Thoracic Rule of Threes - T1-T3

Answer 15

Processes project posteriorly w/transverse processes

Question 16

Thoracic Rule of Threes - T4-T6

Answer 16

Directed slightly downward, btwn transverse processes of itself and below

Question 17

Thoracic Rule of Threes - T7-T9

Answer 17

Same plane as the transverse processes below

Question 18

3 parts of the Sternum

Answer 18

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

Question 19

Which ribs are true ribs

Answer 19

1-7; connected to Sternum via cartilage

Question 20

Which ribs are false ribs

Answer 20

8-12; not directly connected to Sternum

Question 21

Why are 11 and 12 floating

Answer 21

They do not connect anteriorly

Question 22

Characteristics of a typical rib

Answer 22

Shaft - convex
Posterior angle
Head - 2 facets
Neck
Tubercle - junction of neck and shaft
Costal groove

Question 23

Which ribs are atypical (and why)

Answer 23

1 - short, no groove
2 - thinner, no groove
10 - single facet for T10
11+12 - single facets, no neck or tubercle, floating
12 - short, no angle or groove

Question 24

Facet joints movement

Answer 24

Flexion and extension

Question 25

Thoracic spine movement

Answer 25

Flexion and extension, Rotation, Lateral flexion (side bending)

Question 26

What type of joint connects the false ribs to the sternum

Answer 26

Interchondral joints

Question 27

Sternocostal movement

Answer 27

Gliding, 'give' for breathing

Question 28

Ribs 1+2 movement

Answer 28

Very little; upward and lateral in inspiration

Question 29

Ribs 3-6 movement

Answer 29

Pump handle; upward and forward

Question 30

Ribs 7-10 movement

Answer 30

bucket handle; upward and back

Question 31

Ribs 11+12 movement

Answer 31

depress when all others elevate