Heart and neck and Peripheral vascular assessment Exam2

Question 1

What valve closing sound can you hear where? S1 and S2

Answer 1

S1: loudest at Apex, closure of AV valve S2: loudest at Base, closure of semilunar valve

Question 2

The quantity of blood forced out of the left ventricle with each contraction is called the ______ ______

Answer 2

Stroke Volume (SV)

Question 3

The amount of blood pumped per minute by the heart is the _______ ______

Answer 3

Cardiac Output (CO) averages from 3.5 L/min to 8.0 L/min in a healthy adult

Question 4

SV x HR =

Answer 4

CO (cardiac output)

Question 5

97% of the oxygen in the body is carried by red blood cells as part of hemoglobin in the form of _____________

Answer 5

oxyhemoglobin

Question 6

Carbon dioxide is also carried by hemoglobin easily in the form of _________________

Answer 6

carboxyhemoglobin

Question 7

Where is the SA Node located?

Answer 7

upper right atrium just below the opening of superior vena cava

Question 8

which node initiates transmission of electrical impulses causing contraction of the heart at regular intervals?

Answer 8

SA Node

Question 9

Which node is referred to as the pacemaker?

Answer 9

SA Node

Question 10

When the electrical impulses reach the AV node, (located at the bottom of the right atrium),it enters a group of fibers called what?

Answer 10

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

Question 11

What does “APE To Man” represent, name the areas

Answer 11

Auscultatory Areas of heart in order. Aortic area Pulmonic area Erbs point Tricuspid area Mitral area

Question 12

What does ventricular hypertrophy mean?

Answer 12

lift at the ventricles

Question 13

What is S3? (irregularity)

Answer 13

murmur

Question 14

What is Lisinopril used to treat, and what class of drug is it in? (discussed in class) people prescribed this don’t like to take it because it has cough as a side effect

Answer 14

treats hypertention (high blood pressure) ACE

Question 15

When someone has peripheral edema (pitting), what is causing this problem?

Answer 15

problem with the pump

Question 16

When someone has non-pitting edema, what is causing the problem?

Answer 16

kidney problem (diuretic)

Question 17

What is the difference concerning pain between MI (myocardial infarction) and Angina?

Answer 17

similar to MI but the chest pain will go away. (comes and goes)

Question 18

Which heart disease is commonly associated with Angina?

Answer 18

CAD (coronary artery disease)

Question 19

When tissue doesnt get the oxygen it needs, what is the medical term for this?

Answer 19

ischemia

Question 20

Are dysrhythmia and arrhythmia the same thing?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

Dysrhythmias/arrhythmias cause disturbances of heart ____, heart ______, or both

Answer 21

heart rate heart rhythm

Question 22

Angina and MI can result from __________ ________

Answer 22

myocardial ischemia

Question 23

Which cholesterol is the “bad” and which kind is the “good”?

Answer 23

LDL= bad HDL= good

Question 24

Angina is a precursor for __________ __________

Answer 24

myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 25

Why does the tissue never come back with Myocardial Infarctions?

Answer 25

necrosis of myocardium

Question 26

MI (heart attack) is one type of acute coronary syndrome characterized by the death of heart tissue due to lack of \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

oxygen

Question 27

3 causes of angina

Answer 27

CAD, emotion, exertion

Question 28

What is included in the peripheral vascular system?

Answer 28

vessels for transporting blood, fluid, or lymph (Arteries, veins, lymph system)

Question 29

When someone has...... * decreased CO * Low BP * Pulmonary congestion * Dyspnea * Orthopnea * Extremity edema * JVD (jugular vein distention what could all of these symtpms mean?

Answer 29

Heart Failure

Question 30

What is a pressure wave in an artery?

Answer 30

a pulse

Question 31

What could be a cause of JVD (jugular vein distention)?

Answer 31

venous congestion

Question 32

fatique can be associate with _________ Cardiac ouput

Answer 32

decreased CO

Question 33

If the kidneys are going to compensate for a decrease in CO (cardiac output) what will they be retaining? what will be a side effect of this

Answer 33

sodium and water decreased urine output

Question 34

* peripheral edema * jugular vein distention * acsites hepatomegaly * fatigue * anorexia/nausea What are all of the symptoms pointing to, Right-sided Heart failure or Left-sided Heart failure?

Answer 34

Right-sided Heart Failure

Question 36

* Tachycardia * Dyspnea cough * crackles in the lungs * confusion * decreased cerebral perfusion * shortness of breath * swollen feet * can't think * can't lie down What would all of these signs/symptoms be pointing to, Right-sided Heart Failure or Left-sided heart failure?

Answer 36

left-sided heart failure

Question 37

What do skeletel muscles have to do with Venous flow?

Answer 37

they contract and milk the blood proximally back toward the heart

Question 38

Are veins more superficial or less superficial than arteries?

Answer 38

more superficial

Question 39

What two things propel the lymphatic system?

Answer 39

contraction of skeletal muscle pressure changes with breathing

Question 40

What are the two main trunks (ducts) of the Lymphatic system?

Answer 40

Right Lymphatic duct Thoracic duct

Question 41

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 41

retrieves escess fluid from tissue spaces (uses valves)

Question 42

List Three functions of the Lymphatic System

Answer 42

* Conserve fluid and plasma proteins * major part of immune system * absorb lipids from intestinal tract

Question 43

# Define claudication (is it subjective or objective?)

Answer 43

pain and cramping in the lower leg subjective data

Question 44

give the 4 different discriptive words defining a force/strength characteristic of a pulse

Answer 44

* strong * weak * thready * bounding

Question 45

What do each of these ratings signify when documenting force/strength of a pulse? 0 = 1+ = 2+ = 3+ = 4+ =

Answer 45

0 = no pulse 1+ = barely 2+ = normal 3+ = increased 4+ = bounding

Question 46

When assessing peripheral vascular system, how do you perform the assessment for checking for edema?

Answer 46

firmly depress skin for 5 seconds and release

Question 47

pitting edema scale. what do they each mean... 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+

Answer 47

1+ = mild, slight indentation 2+ = Moderate pitting, indent subsides rapidly 3+ = deep pitting, indentation remains for short time 4+ = Very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg is very swollen

Question 48

List some risk factors for venous disease

Answer 48

* prolonged standing, sitting, bedrest * Hypercoagualable states * Vein wall trauma * Obesity and later months of pregnancy * history of heart failure

Question 49

List some risk factors for arterial disease

Answer 49

* Older adults * inherited predisposition * Hypertension * Smoking * Diabetes * Incresed lipid levels * Obesity * Vascular disease

Question 50

compare and contrast arterial insufficiency and venous insufficiency

Answer 50

Question 51

How do you assess for DVT | (deep vein thrombosis)

Answer 51

measure calf do ultrasound

Question 52

What type of aphasia would someone with CVA most likely have?

Answer 52

expressive aphasia

Question 53

For peripheral vascular disease * claudication * relief with rest * Pale,cyanosis, shiny, muscle atrophy * ischemic ulcer with NO Bleeding which are we talking about, arterial or venous?

Answer 53

arterial

Question 54

for peripheral vascular disease claudication and * pain with prolonged standing and sitting * relief with walking * brown discoloration * Stasis ulcer drainage/ BLOOD what are these signs of, aterial or venous?

Answer 54

Venous

Question 55

What is the purpose of the buncle of His?

Answer 55

slow down the impulse so the ventricles can fill properly

Question 56

What do the Purkinje fibers do?

Answer 56

spread the contraction across the heart