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neurological exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of aphasia would someone with CVA (stroke) most likely have?

A

expressive aphasia

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2
Q

If the results to a brain injury are expressive aphasia, which part of the brain was likely injured?

(rhymes with stroke or strokas lol)

A

Broca’s Area (motor speech area)

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3
Q

Which lobe associates with receptive aphasia?

A

Temporal

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4
Q

Which part of the brain associates with Proprioception?

A

Parietal

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5
Q

What does the Cerebellum deal with?

A

coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium, muscle tone, balance, and posture

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6
Q

What kind of data does the Parietal lobe process?

(remember what proprioception is, sensing what’s around you in relation to where you are)

A

data from senses (touch, sight, smell, hearing, taste)

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7
Q

What is ataxia and which part of the brain associates with it?

A

inability to control muscle movement

Cerebellum

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8
Q

Give the sequence of neurologic examination

A
  1. Mental status
  2. Cranial nerves
  3. Proprioception/Cerebellar function
  4. Sensory
  5. Reflex
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9
Q

Where is broca’s area located?

(lyrics from Train “soul sister)

A

frontal lobe left side

(your lipstick stains on the front lobe of my left-side brain)

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10
Q

Where would you find the motor cortex (initiates voluntary movement) and the Broca’s area (motor speech area) (if injured expressive aphasia)?

A

Frontal lobe

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11
Q

Which type of aphasia is when you can talk but cannot understand what others are saying? (can’t receive)

Which type of aphasia makes it so your workds don’t come out right? (can’t express yourself)

A

receptive aphasia (injury to wernickes area, temporal lobe)

expressive aphasia (injury to Broca’s area, frontal lobe)

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12
Q

Which Lobe of the brain is the primary auditory reception area?

(hint: the place where wernicke’s area is found)

A

Temporal Lobe

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13
Q

Which lobe is the primary vision center?

A

Occipital Lobe

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14
Q

What word describes the ability to know where you are in relation to everything else?

A

Proprioception

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15
Q

If you have ataxia, what part of the brain isn’t functioning correctly?

A

Cerebellum

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16
Q

What part of the body mediates reflexes?

A

Spinal Cord

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17
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is arranged in a butterfly shape with anterior and posterior horns?

A

nerve cell bodies

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18
Q

Name the two pathways of the CNS

A

Left Cerebral Cortex

Right Cerebral Cortex

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19
Q

Which one of the 2 CNS pathways, receives sensory info from and sends motor function to the right side of the body?

A

Left Cerebral Cortex

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20
Q

Which one of the 2 CNS pathways receives sensory info from and sends motor function to the left side of the body?

A

Right Cerebral Cortex

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21
Q

What is stereognosis?

(hint:what’s in the bottom of my purse?)

A

fine localized touch, without looking you can ID familiar objects by touch

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22
Q

Sensation travels via which type of fibers?

A

afferent

(sensory in)

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23
Q

List in order the places sensation travels to via afferent fibers

(Sensory Pathways)

A

from peripheral nerve

to

posterior dorsal root

to

spinal cord

then to

Spinothalamic tract or Posterior dorsal columns

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24
Q

Posterior Dorsal Columns have fibers that conduct sensations of what?

(3 things)

A

fine localized touch (stereognosis)

vibration

proprioception (position)

25
Which "Tract" deals with pain, temperature, and crude touch?
Spinothalamic Tract
26
Pain and temperature sensations travel via which type of fibers?
afferent
27
Give the order of how Pain and temperature sensations travel on the Spinothalamic tract. (Where do thcome from and where all do they go?)
Peripheral nerve to posterior dorsal root to spinal cord then synapse with a 2nd sensory neuron then ascends up lateral spinothalamic tract
28
How does Crude touch travel?
up the Anterior Spinothalamic Tract
29
Which pathway mediates very skilled purposeful movement like writing?
(Motor Pathways) Corticospinal or Pyramidal Tract
30
Which "Tracts" control Lower Body movement, maintain muscle tone, controls gross automatic movements such as walking?
Extrapyramidal Tracts
31
Does the Cerebellar System operate on a conscious or subconscious level?
subconscious (coordination, equilibrium, posture)
32
Which Nervous System are the Upper Motor Neurons located in?
CNS | (entirely in the CNS)
33
CVA, Cerebral Palsy, & MS effect which Motor Neurons, Upper or Lower?
Upper | (descending motor fibers)
34
Which Nervous System are the Lower Motor Neurons mostly located in?
PNS | (Peripheral Nervous System)
35
Spinal Cord Lesions Poliomyelitis & ALS all effect which Motor Neurons, Upper or Lower? (hint: PNS)
Lower Motor Neurons
36
What happens with ALS? | (Lou Gehrigs disease)
deterioration of nerve fibers towards muscles, myelin sheath deteriorates characterized by stiff muscle, muscles twitching, muscles decrease in size. difficulty speaking, swallowing, and eventually breathing (No cure)
37
What system of the body is responsible for carrying input to the CNS via afferent fibers and delivering output from the CNS via efferent fibers?
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (a bundle of never fibers outside of the CNS)
38
If an adults toes flare out during a Babinski reflex test, is that the correct reaction or is something wrong?
not correct reaction. they most likely have a head injury (only babies should react with a toe flare, adults toes should curl in)
39
What do Migraines and Seizures have in common?
Aura (this is something they see or hear prior to having oone of these occur, a warning sign)
40
Which disease has a sign of tremors?
Parkinsons
41
difficulty swallowing is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ difficulty speaking is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
dysphagia dysphasia
42
What can cause a headache | (what is a headache)
constriction of vessels dehydration stress high BP hypertension anxiety
43
What is the highest score on a Glasgow Coma Scale? What is the lowest score possible on a Glasgow Coma Scale?
15 3 (you're basically dead)
44
What do you use to check when a patient is comatose?
Glasgow Coma Scale
45
What is the name of the balance test where you have a person stand with feet together and arms at the side, with their eyes closed and see if they sway (church sway)
Romberg Test
46
3 ways to check coordination and skilled movement?
finger-to-finger test finger-to-nose test heel-to-shin test
47
If you were assessing for the Spinothalamic Tract, what would you use?
sharp/dull light touch cold/hot
48
List all of the areas you would test for stretch or deep tendon reflexes (6 places)
1. Biceps reflex 2. Triceps reflex 3. Brachioradialis reflex 4. patellar reflex 5. plantar reflex 6. achilles reflex
49
When you are grading reflex, what do the numbers of the grading scale represent? 4+ 3+ 2+ 1+ 0
4+ = very brisk 3+ = Brisk 2+ = Average, normal 1+ = Diminished, low normal 0 = No response
50
another name for the Babinski reflex?
Plantar reflex | (up the lateral side of sole of foot)
51
How to perform a Bicep reflex assessment?
place thumb on bicep tendon strike a blow on your thumb
52
how to assess for tricep reflex?
have patient let their arm go limp as you suspend it by upper arm strike the triceps tendon directly just above the elbow
53
how do you perform the reflex test on the brachioradialis?
hold patients thumb to suspend forearm in relaxation strike the forearm directly, about 2-3 cm above the radial styloid process
54
how do you perform the achilles reflex test?
position the patient with knee flexed and the hip externally rotated hold the foot in dorsiflexion, and strike the achilles tendon
55
Seizures and Strokes are disorders of which nervous system?
CNS
56
Name the two types of abnormal positionings that are associated with disorders in the CNS
Decorticate Decerebrate
57
Which abnormal positioning (decorticate, or decerebrate) is the worst, where the person is no longer having the defense mechanism response of trying to protect their core (internal organs)?
Decerebrate
58
Name 3 disorders of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) (hint: jeff wescott had one of them)
Trigeminal Neuroglia (inflamed trigeminal nerve, facial pain) Bell's Palsy (face droops on one side) Peripheral Neuropathy (diabetics)

Nursing 101 exam 2 (5 decks)

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